River sites

For the regional analysis of river floods and the systematic survey of large areas, the following approximate methods should be used  

The runup is the rush of water up a beach or structure on the breaking of a wave. The height of the runup is the vertical height above the still water level that the rush of water reaches. 

The following approximate methods should be used for site assessment 

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Brandyberry, M. D. and H. E. Wingo, 1990, External Events Analysis for the Savannah River Site K Reactor, ANS Topical Meeting, The Safety, Status and Future of Non Commercial Reactors and Irradiation Facilities, Boise ID, Sept. 31 - October 4, 1990... 

Savy, J. B., 1980, Seismic Hazard Analysis of the Savannah River Site, UCID-21596, November. 

Al Bickman, Osprey River site manager, expects the work on the pilot study to start next month and be completed within 12 weeks. He has established a local team of managers, engineers, and operators to work with the integration team. Most of this team will be committed for up to half of their time. The team leader will be dedicated to the project. 

An overview is given of plutonium process chemistry used at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rocky Flats, and Savannah River sites, with particular emphasis on solution chemistry involved in recovery, purification, and waste treatment operations. By extrapolating from the present system of processes, this paper also attempts to chart the future direction of plutonium process development and operation. Areas where a better understanding of basic plutonium chemistry will contribute to development of improved processing are indicated. 

Lord CG, Gaines KF, Boring CS, Biisbin ILJ, Gochfeld M, Burger J. 2002. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) as a bioindicator of mercury contamination at the U.S. Department of Energy s Savannah River Site. Archiv Environ Contam Toxicol 43 356-363. 

Yanochko GM, Jagoe CH, Brisbin Jr IL. 1997. Tissue mercury concentrations in alligators Alligator mississippiensis) from the Florida Everglades and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32 323-328. 

NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission SRS = Savannah River Site Source DOE 1996... 

DOE. 1991a. Radioactive releases at the Savannah River site, 1954-1989. An environmental protection department summary. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. NTIS/DE92009983. 

DOE. 1996. Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River Site (U). Savannah River Site. U.S. Department of Energy. WSRC-TR-96-0231. DE-AC09-89SR18035. 

See for example Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment Final Report, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000 Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000. 

The study area is located in the northeast of Spain, along the Cinca and Vero rivers, in the Ebro River basin (Fig. 1). Six different sampling stations were selected at the Cinca River site Cl (Puente de las Pilas) and C2 (La Boquera), 20 and 12 km, respectively, upstream from Monzon site C3, just downstream from Monzon, a heavily industrialized town with a very important chemical industry site C4 (Alcolea de Cinca), site C5 (Chalamera), and site C6 (Fraga), 27, 30, and 67 km downstream of site C3, respectively. Moreover, three sampling stations were selected at the Vero River site VI (Castillazuelo), 11 km upstream from an industrial park site V2 (Barbastro), just 1 km downstream from the industrial park, and site V3 (La Boquera), 4 km downstream of site V2. 

Strength South Carolina Firefighter Mobilization plan activated and well staffed. Unified Command provided access to all needed agencies. Federal agencies well-integrated and supportive EPA continually provided maps once the Unified Command Post (UCP) was established. Mutual aid agreements were in place with SRS (Savannah River Site) and Aiken County. Fort Gordon Haz-Mat resources were briefed to GVW Fire Department... 

Strength Habitability surveys conducted at CP (command post) upon arrival of Haz-Mat team. EPA conducted surveys at CP upon their arrival. SRS (Savannah River Site) and Richmond County Haz-Mat resources arrived on scene within a timely manner and were designated by FDIC (Fire Department Incident Commander) to be responsible for Haz-Mat operations. Haz-Mat personnel assisted in CP location determination. EPA utilized Coast Guard Gulf Coast Strike Team to provide monitoring and on scene response. By comparing consist (a list of all the cars in the train which describes their position in the train, type, contents, destination, etc.) to entry team visual inspection, chemicals involved were accurately identified. Written response plan and safety procedures implemented for Haz-Mat operations. Briefings provided to Haz-Mat responders by Safety Officer on entry considerations maps were covered for responders unfamiliar with the area. 

Strength SRS (Savannah River Site) and Richmond County Haz-Mat personnel were familiar with Aiken County personnel and integrated seamlessly into Fire Department operations. During UCP (Unified Command Post) meetings, a CTEH scientist explained plume models in such a manner that everyone was comfortable. Ascauga Lake/Bettis Academy Road decontamination unit established and vital signs recorded. Multiple decontamination centers established on perimeter of affected area. 

Jackson, D., Payne, T. H., I.ooncy, B. B., and Rossabi, J., 1996, Estimating the Extent and Thickness of DNAPL within the AJM Area of the Savannah River Site (U) WSRC-RP-96-0574, Westinghouse Savannah River Company. 

Figure 1 Principal component projection for rainwater samples collected at the Tolt River site.

U.S. DOE Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC Total capital cost 150,000 Full... 

Based on data from a demonstration at the Savannah River site, the total cost for SPSH was estimated to be 86/yd. In contrast, the use of traditional SVE at the site would have cost an estimated 576/yd. Total capital cost for the Savannah River site demonstration was estimated to be 1,277,300. Total operation and maintenance cost was estimated to be 16,900 per month. Table 1 gives a cost comparison between SPSH and SVE (D105759, pp. 15,16 D222606, p. 232). Detailed breakouts of capital cost as well as operation and maintenance cost can be found in Case Study 2. 

A full-scale demonstration was performed at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. Spread out over 10 wells, the total operating cost of the project was 25,400 per well in addition to 124,000 per well capital costs (D14264D, p. 10). 

Preliminary information indicates that the annual cost of selective colloid mobilization may be comparable to pump and treat, but that the cleanup would be faster, which would decrease cleanup costs (D14840N, p. 183). It is estimated that using the technology at one groundwater remediation project at the Department of Energy s Savannah River site will reduce cleanup costs by several million dollars and cut the cleanup time in half (D14839U, p. 8). 

The U.S. Department of Energy s Office of Technology Development has sponsored full-scale environmental restoration technology demonstrations since 1990. The Savannah River Site Integrated Demonstration focuses on the bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Several laboratories, including the Savannah River site, have demonstrated the ability of methanotrophic bacteria (i.e., those that oxidize methane) found in soil, sediment, and aqueous material, to completely degrade or mineralize chlorinated solvents. 

The test at the Savannah River Site consisted of injecting natural gas mixed with air into the contaminated aquifer directly below the site via two horizontal weUs. At one well, which was installed under the water table, a mixture of methane and air was injected into the contaminated zone. Air was then extracted from the second well, which was installed just above the water table. 

TABLE 1 Breakdown of Costs from the 1995 Demonstration at the Savannah River Site... 

The U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANE) conducted a costs analysis of in situ air stripping technology based on data from a 1995 demonstration at the DOE s Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina. Capital costs were annualized over an estimated 10-year equipment life. Carbon adsorption was included for off-gas treatment. The total cost of the demonstration was 15.59/lb of VOC removed. Table 1 shows a more detailed breakdown of these costs (D15726Q D188083). 

D18900Y, U.S. DOE, 1999 D189020, Savannah River Site, 1997 D19762A, Nichols, 1998 D206257, U.S. EPA, undated D224339, U.S. DOE, 1999... 

Composition (in wt%) reprocessing of commercial LWR fuel at La Hague Savannah River Site commercial SNF plutonium plutonium reprocessing of SNF from water-water energetic reactors... 

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