Groundwater remediation

These examples help to illustrate the versatility of activated carbon in standard water treatment applications. Another application which merits a distinct discussion is groundwater remediation. This is discussed below. 

The application of adsorption to contaminated groundwater remediation is not only an important subject, but one we could expand upon into several volumes unto itself. At best, all we can do is try to provide a concise overview in this volume. 

Baird is the 20-acre site of a former chemical mixing and batching company. Poor waste disposal practices resulted in the contamination of groundwater, soil, the municipal water supply, and a brook adjacent to the site. Over one hundred contaminants, including chlorinated and nonchlorinated volatile organics, heavy metals, pesticides, herbicides, and dioxins, had been identified in site soil and groundwater. Remediation activities included soil excavation and incineration, and groundwater treatment (the audit focused on the soil excavation and incineration... 

Wiesner MR, MC Grant, SR Hutchins (1996) Reduced permeability in groundwater remediation systems role of mobilized colloids and injected chemicals. Environ Sci Technol 30 3184-3191. 

For the estimation of the contaminants uptake rate and consequently the time required for the phytoremediation of a contaminated site, single mathematical models may be applied. In the following paragraphs, analysis as well as the examples given in Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center Technology Evaluation Report on Phytoremediation, by Schnoor, is presented without modification.8... 

Roote, D.S., In-Situ Flushing, Groundwater Remediation Technologies Analysis Center (GWRTAC), Technology Overview Report, O Series TO-97-02, 1997. 

The pump-and-treat methodology is effective for groundwater remediation. It is also an effective way to prevent the further extension of a contaminated area. The cleanup involves two steps ... 

Noonan, D.C. and Curtis, J.T., Groundwater Remediation and Petroleum, A guide for Underground Storage Tanks, Lewis Publishers, Chelsea, MI, 1990, p. 142. 

Interstate Technology and Regulatory Council (ITRC), Overview of Groundwater Remediation Technologies for MTBE and TBA. Available at http //www.itrcweb.org/Documents/MTBE-l.pdf, 2009. 

Gavaskar, A., Gupta, N., Sass, B., Janosy, R., and Hicks, J., Design Guidance for Application of Permeable Reactive Barriers for Groundwater Remediation, Prepared for US Air Force, Air Force Research Laboratory, March 2000. 

The use of nanoscale materials in the dean-up of hazardous waste sites is termed nanoremediation. Remediation of soil contaminated with pentachloro phenol using NZVI was studied [198]. In a separate study, soils contaminated with polychlorinated biphenyls was treated using iron nanopartides [194], NZVI and iron oxide have been suggested to be used as a colloidal reactive barrier for in situ groundwater remediation due to its strong and spedfic interactions with Pb and As compounds [199]. 

Groundwater remediation is the often expensive process of restoring an aquifer after it has been contaminated, or at least limiting the ability of contaminants there to spread. In this chapter, we consider the widespread problem of the contamination of groundwater flows with heavy metals. We use reactive transport modeling to look at the reactions that occur as contaminated water enters a pristine aquifer, and those accompanying remediation efforts. 

Groundwater remediation, activated carbon application, 4 753. See also Groundwater bioremediation Groundwater treatment Groundwater samples, retrieving, 22 844-845, 846... 

Su C., Puls R.W., Arsenate and arsenite removal by zero-valent iron kinetics, redox transformation, and implications for in situ groundwater remediation, Environ. Sci. Technol. 35,2001, 1487-1992. 

A more in-depth discussion of the subsurface hydrogeologic setting, areal extent of LNAPL and dissolved hydrocarbons in groundwater, remedial strategy, and current status is presented in Chapter 12 (LNAPL Recovery Case Histories). 

Regens, J. L., Hodges, D. G., et al., 1999, Screening Technologies for Soil and Groundwater Remediation Soil and Groundwater, August/September, pp. 24—27. 

Vance, D. B., 1998, Redox Reactions for in-Situ Groundwater Remediation Environmental Technology, September/October, p. 45. 

Aquifer restoration planning should be based on the degree of restoration required, and a strategy developed based on an evaluation of the risk presented to public health and the environment. This is important since complete aquifer restoration is rarely accomplished despite over two decades of intense groundwater remediation research and activities. Aquifer restoration requires several objectives to be accomplished contaminant plume containment, source containment, contaminant plume removal, and source zone removal. 

Traditionally air sparging has been used as a groundwater remediation tool. Occasionally, however, it has been successfully used to remediate the vadose zone. In this application, the compressed air is injected through a well screen that is open to the VOC-contaminated area. The injection wells may be either vertical or horizontal (Figure 10.7). In this setting, the injected air is usually captured by a corresponding set of SVE wells (Figure 10.8). Properly spaced patterns of injection and recovery wells are necessary for efficient operation. 

Testa, S. M., 1992, Groundwater Remediation at Petroleum-Handling Facilities, Los Angeles Coastal Plain In Engineering Geology Practice in Southern California (edited by B. W. Pipkin and R. J. Proctor), Association of Engineering Geologists, pp. 67-79. 

MICROBIAL SYSTEMS FOR IN-SITU SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION... 

---