Savannah River Site

Brandyberry, M. D. and H. E. Wingo, 1990, External Events Analysis for the Savannah River Site K Reactor, ANS Topical Meeting, The Safety, Status and Future of Non Commercial Reactors and Irradiation Facilities, Boise ID, Sept. 31 - October 4, 1990... 

Savy, J. B., 1980, Seismic Hazard Analysis of the Savannah River Site, UCID-21596, November. 

An overview is given of plutonium process chemistry used at the U. S. Department of Energy Hanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Rocky Flats, and Savannah River sites, with particular emphasis on solution chemistry involved in recovery, purification, and waste treatment operations. By extrapolating from the present system of processes, this paper also attempts to chart the future direction of plutonium process development and operation. Areas where a better understanding of basic plutonium chemistry will contribute to development of improved processing are indicated. 

Lord CG, Gaines KF, Boring CS, Biisbin ILJ, Gochfeld M, Burger J. 2002. Raccoon (Procyon lotor) as a bioindicator of mercury contamination at the U.S. Department of Energy s Savannah River Site. Archiv Environ Contam Toxicol 43 356-363. 

Yanochko GM, Jagoe CH, Brisbin Jr IL. 1997. Tissue mercury concentrations in alligators Alligator mississippiensis) from the Florida Everglades and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 32 323-328. 

NRC = Nuclear Regulatory Commission SRS = Savannah River Site Source DOE 1996... 

DOE. 1991a. Radioactive releases at the Savannah River site, 1954-1989. An environmental protection department summary. Washington, DC U.S. Department of Energy. NTIS/DE92009983. 

DOE. 1996. Radiological bioconcentration factors for aquatic, terrestrial, and wetland ecosystems at the Savannah River Site (U). Savannah River Site. U.S. Department of Energy. WSRC-TR-96-0231. DE-AC09-89SR18035. 

See for example Electrometallurgical Techniques for DOE Spent Fuel Treatment Final Report, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000 Alternatives for High-Level Waste Salt Processing at the Savannah River Site, National Research Council, National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 2000. 

Strength South Carolina Firefighter Mobilization plan activated and well staffed. Unified Command provided access to all needed agencies. Federal agencies well-integrated and supportive EPA continually provided maps once the Unified Command Post (UCP) was established. Mutual aid agreements were in place with SRS (Savannah River Site) and Aiken County. Fort Gordon Haz-Mat resources were briefed to GVW Fire Department... 

Strength Habitability surveys conducted at CP (command post) upon arrival of Haz-Mat team. EPA conducted surveys at CP upon their arrival. SRS (Savannah River Site) and Richmond County Haz-Mat resources arrived on scene within a timely manner and were designated by FDIC (Fire Department Incident Commander) to be responsible for Haz-Mat operations. Haz-Mat personnel assisted in CP location determination. EPA utilized Coast Guard Gulf Coast Strike Team to provide monitoring and on scene response. By comparing consist (a list of all the cars in the train which describes their position in the train, type, contents, destination, etc.) to entry team visual inspection, chemicals involved were accurately identified. Written response plan and safety procedures implemented for Haz-Mat operations. Briefings provided to Haz-Mat responders by Safety Officer on entry considerations maps were covered for responders unfamiliar with the area. 

Strength SRS (Savannah River Site) and Richmond County Haz-Mat personnel were familiar with Aiken County personnel and integrated seamlessly into Fire Department operations. During UCP (Unified Command Post) meetings, a CTEH scientist explained plume models in such a manner that everyone was comfortable. Ascauga Lake/Bettis Academy Road decontamination unit established and vital signs recorded. Multiple decontamination centers established on perimeter of affected area. 

Jackson, D., Payne, T. H., I.ooncy, B. B., and Rossabi, J., 1996, Estimating the Extent and Thickness of DNAPL within the AJM Area of the Savannah River Site (U) WSRC-RP-96-0574, Westinghouse Savannah River Company. 

U.S. DOE Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC Total capital cost 150,000 Full... 

Based on data from a demonstration at the Savannah River site, the total cost for SPSH was estimated to be 86/yd. In contrast, the use of traditional SVE at the site would have cost an estimated 576/yd. Total capital cost for the Savannah River site demonstration was estimated to be 1,277,300. Total operation and maintenance cost was estimated to be 16,900 per month. Table 1 gives a cost comparison between SPSH and SVE (D105759, pp. 15,16 D222606, p. 232). Detailed breakouts of capital cost as well as operation and maintenance cost can be found in Case Study 2. 

A full-scale demonstration was performed at the Savannah River Site in Aiken, South Carolina. Spread out over 10 wells, the total operating cost of the project was 25,400 per well in addition to 124,000 per well capital costs (D14264D, p. 10). 

Preliminary information indicates that the annual cost of selective colloid mobilization may be comparable to pump and treat, but that the cleanup would be faster, which would decrease cleanup costs (D14840N, p. 183). It is estimated that using the technology at one groundwater remediation project at the Department of Energy s Savannah River site will reduce cleanup costs by several million dollars and cut the cleanup time in half (D14839U, p. 8). 

The U.S. Department of Energy s Office of Technology Development has sponsored full-scale environmental restoration technology demonstrations since 1990. The Savannah River Site Integrated Demonstration focuses on the bioremediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated solvents. Several laboratories, including the Savannah River site, have demonstrated the ability of methanotrophic bacteria (i.e., those that oxidize methane) found in soil, sediment, and aqueous material, to completely degrade or mineralize chlorinated solvents. 

The test at the Savannah River Site consisted of injecting natural gas mixed with air into the contaminated aquifer directly below the site via two horizontal weUs. At one well, which was installed under the water table, a mixture of methane and air was injected into the contaminated zone. Air was then extracted from the second well, which was installed just above the water table. 

TABLE 1 Breakdown of Costs from the 1995 Demonstration at the Savannah River Site... 

The U.S. Department of Energy s (DOE s) Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANE) conducted a costs analysis of in situ air stripping technology based on data from a 1995 demonstration at the DOE s Savannah River Site (SRS) near Aiken, South Carolina. Capital costs were annualized over an estimated 10-year equipment life. Carbon adsorption was included for off-gas treatment. The total cost of the demonstration was 15.59/lb of VOC removed. Table 1 shows a more detailed breakdown of these costs (D15726Q D188083). 

D18900Y, U.S. DOE, 1999 D189020, Savannah River Site, 1997 D19762A, Nichols, 1998 D206257, U.S. EPA, undated D224339, U.S. DOE, 1999... 

Composition (in wt%) reprocessing of commercial LWR fuel at La Hague Savannah River Site commercial SNF plutonium plutonium reprocessing of SNF from water-water energetic reactors... 

Bibler, N. E., Ramsey, W. G., Meaker, T. F. Pareizs, J. M. 1996. Durabilities and microstructures of radioactive glasses for immobilization of excess actinides at the Savannah River site. Materials Research Society Symposium Proceedings, 412, 65 - 72. 

These materials have been used for in-tank precipitation at the Savannah River Site in the... 

The liquid waste is stored for at least 6 y prior to solidification to reduce the decay heat (Fig. 16.8) by a factor of 10 or more. The first U.S. military fuel reprocessing wastes were stored as neutralized waste in mild steel tanks at the Hanford reservation in eastern Washington. These steel-lined, reinforced-concrete tanks were 500,000-1,000,000 gal in capacity with provisions for removal of waste heat and radiolysis products. Corrosion of several tanks occurred with the release of waste. Fortunately, the soil around these tanks retarded nuclide transport. A better (and more expensive) design for storage tanks was implemented at the Savannah River site in South Carolina consisting of a second steel tank inside of a Hanford-style tank. The storage of acid waste in these tanks has not encountered the corrosion problems seen with the Hanford tanks. 

M. J. Barnes, B. B. Anderson, T. L. White and K. B. Martin, Tetraphenylborate decomposition testing using Savannah River Site high level waste, USDOE Report WSRC-TR-2001-00251, 2001. 

M. A. Norato, M. H. Beasley, S. G. Campbell, A. D. Coleman, M. W. Geeting, J. W. Guthrie, C. W. Kennell, R. A. Pierce, R. C. Ryberg, D. D. Walker, J. D. Law and T. A. Todd, Demonstration of the caustic-side solvent extraction process for the removal of 137Cs from Savannah River Site high level waste, WSRC-MS-2001-00201 Report,... 

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