Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive

The second possibility is the European waste legislation, which includes the Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS). The RoHS Directive is closely linked with the Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Directive (WEEE) which sets collection, recycling, and recovery targets for electrical goods and is part of a legislative initiative to solve the problem of toxic e-waste. 

China, in addition to ratifying the Basel Convention, has a 2002 law banning hazardous waste imports. In 2005, the Management Measure for the Prevention of Pollution from Electronic Products became effective. It has been referred to as China s RoHS, specifying limits on materials similar to the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive. A new waste disposal law enacted in 2009, Regulations for the Administration of the Recovery and Disposal of Electric and... 

In 2003, the European WEEE-Directive 2002/96/EG [5] was implemented to reduce the amount of electronic waste and foster reuse, recovery and recycling of electric and electronic equipment. Closely connected to this, the restriction of hazardous substances Directive 2002/95/EG [6] (RoHS) was adopted by the EC in 2003 with the aim to restrict the use of hazardous substances in the manufacture of electric and electronic products. 

RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances) Directive Restricts the use of cerfain dangerous subsfances in elecfrical and elecfronic equipmenf. 

An example of using the LCA approach for informed substitution is the DfE LCA for tin-lead and promising lead-free solder alternatives for electronics. The alternatives assessment was conducted at the request of the electronics industry, as it prepared for compliance with the European Union (EU) Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive, which includes a phase-out of the use of lead in electronic products. With estimates of worldwide tin-lead solder use at over 176 million lb (80 million kg) per... 

Restrictions for lead are included in the EU Directive on Waste Electronic and Electrical Equipment [144] and EU Directive on Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive [145], the EU End-of-Life-Vehicle [146] Directive. 

The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) is the shortened form for Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment. It was adopted by the European Union in February 2003 [9]. In July 2006, the RoHS 1 directive took effect and was required to be enforced in each member state [10]. Each member state used the directive as a guide to establish its own enforcement and implementatiOTi policies. This directive restricts (with some exceptions) the use of certain hazardous materials in the manufacturing of various types of electronic and electrical equipment The hazardous materials include lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE), [10]. 

The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive applies to items such as household appliances, IT and telecommunications equipment, electrical tools, medical devices, monitoring and control instruments, toys, and lighting equipment. 

The Restriction of Hazardous Substances Directive (RoHS) restricts (with some exceptions) the use of certain hazardous materials in the manufacturing of various types of electronic and electrical equipment. These hazardous materials include lead (Pb), mercury (Hg), cadmium (Cd), hexavalent chromium (Cr " ), polybrominated biphenyl (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE). 

Under the early draft, EU countries shall ensure that the use of lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, PBB, and PBDEs (polybrominated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in electrical and electronic equipment is substituted on 1 January 2008. These have now become the subject of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive (RoHS). Additionally the Commission was proposing that all plastics containing BFRs be separated out from electrical and electronic equipment before recycling or disposal. 

RoHS Since the Directive on the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic eqnipment (cotmnonly referred to as the Restriction of Hazardous Substances directive of the RoHS directive) came into force in the European Union (EU) in Jnly 2006 [167]. Some of the same regulations on chemical management have been adopted in other parts of the world. The RoHS directive restricts the amount of PBBs and PBDEs [168] contained in electrical and electronic equipment to less than 1000 ppm. No electronic electric apparatus can be marketed in an EU member state if it contains those materials in excess of a designated value of RoHS. PBBs and PBDEs are among the large variety of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) used in plastics and textiles. PBBs are no longer produced, but PBDEs were in widespread nse before the RoHS directive came into effect, and... 

Some companies are already using substitution as a means of eliminating hazardous chemicals from their businesses, (see Annex I) A variety of reasons exist for why some companies are searching for safer substitutes and these include regulatory drivers (such as the recent Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances), increased public awareness, demands from downstream users or clients, worker protection, liability issues, competitive advantage and company ethics. However, there are also barriers and the development and adoption of safer substitutes is happening only slowly, in a piecemeal fashion and in some sectors not at all. 

The mandate within the Directive on the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) to phase out a range of hazardous materials in new electrical and electronic products by 2006, has... 

In the case of green chemistry, and more especially chemical substitution, a number of policy instruments are relevant. The traditional approach is to ban certain toxic chemicals in order to induce substitution efforts. Such bans are usually preceded by examples of successful substitutions, as it is controversial to ban chemicals when no alternatives exist at reasonable cost. Otherwise, industry is often granted generous phase-in periods, in order to develop substitutes. A third way is to grant derogations when it is hard or very costly to develop substitutes. The latter approach has been applied in the context of the EU Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive (Directive 2002/95/EC), which bans six substances in electrical and electronic products. A slightly less interventionist approach is to put restrictions on uses of certain chemicals. Other administrative approaches include the ban of chemicals, or restrictions in use, in individual operations when these apply for permits. 

The Restriction on Hazardous Substances Directive and its mandate that new electrical and electronic equipment must be free of PBDEs by 2006 has in large part been a major catalyst for product redesign by electronic equipment producers. However, it can also be assumed that leading manufacturers had realized the feasibility of substitution. For instance, Hewlett-Packard monitor housings typically... 

For example, the electronics industry was adamant that the material phase-outs stipulated within the Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) Directive for new electrical and electronic equipment must apply equally across Europe. In a joint letter to the Commission sent by leading producers, they urged a clear legal basis for the RoHS directive, so as to provide a high level of protection for citizens without creating uncertainty for business and undermining the Single Market (EC, 2001). 

Implementation of the Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment (RoHS) Directive 2011/65/EU Consultation, by the Department for Business Innovation Skills (2012). http //product-industries-research.hktdc.com/business-news/ article/Electronics-Electricals/BIS-Consultation-on-UK-Implementation-of-the-Recast-RoHS-Directive-2011-65-EU/psls/en/l/lX3VBFM5/lX07WHST.htm... 

Because polybrominated diphenyl ether FRs, along with heavy metals, are to be harmed from all new electrical appliances under the EU s Restriction on Hazardous Substances Directive (2002/95/EC), any recovered materials of these kinds must be directed to non-electrical... 

RoHS Directive, The Restriction of Hazardous Substances in Electrical and Electronic Equipment, this Directive 2002/95/EC establishes standards and limits for the hazardous material content in electronic and electrical equipment. The Directive went into effect on February 13, 2003. It is scheduled to become European national law by August 13,2004 for be in force for products by July 1, 2006. Banned or restricted substances include lead, mercury, cadmium, hexavalent chromium, certain brominated flame retardants (PBBs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). 

Recently, Pb-free piezoelectric materials have been researched because of the toxin of Pb for health. It was applied as restriction of hazardous substances (RoHs) from 1 July 2006 based on directive 2001/95/EC of the Europjean Parliament and of the Coimcil of 27 January 2003,... 

Over the last decade there have been a number of trends driving increased use of PAEK in new classes of electronics applications. The Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directives restrict the use of heavy... 

Restrictions of the Use of Hazardous Substances Directive, Directive 2002/95/EC, EU Commission, Luxembourg (2002)... 

With the implementation of the European Union (EU) directive on Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS), the printed circuit industry has been forced to undergo a revolution in technology that is unprecedented in its history.The result is commonly called lead-free, a term that the reader will find used throughout this book, even though the restrictions are on several materials in addition to lead, as described in Chapter 1. The reason for this emphasis is that the biggest impact on the industry is the elimination of lead in the solder that is used for interconnection of the components and the board. 

Directive 2002-95-EC of the European Parhament and of the Council 27 Jan 2003, which restricts the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment.This directive is also known as RoHS (Restriction of Hazardous Substances). 

A new requirement on packages— that of lead-free solder—has initiated a tremendous amount of developmental effort in the past few years. This effort stems from the requirement of packages exported to the European Union (EU) market, to pass Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) compliance requirements set forth in the Directive 2002/95/EC of the... 

In addition, the advent of the European Union s Restriction of Hazardous Substances (RoHS) directive and the lead-free assembly processes that result are redefining the requirements for base materials. RoHS has a severe impact on all aspects of base materials technology. The impact of lead-free assembly on base materials and a method of selecting materials for lead-free assembly are discussed in Chaps. 10 and 11. Requirements to support circuit densification, reliability, and electrical performance are also critical and will be discussed in Chap. 9. This chapter discusses grades and specifications of base materials, as well as the manufacturing processes used to make them. 

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