Diphenyl ethers, polybrominated

Public concern about PBDE levels in the environment was heightened when it was shown that a sharp increase in the concentration of certain PBDEs had occurred in human breast milk over only a 10-year period (Meironyte et al. 1999 Noren and Meironyte 2000), and the levels of exposure in some infants and toddlers were similar to those shown to cause developmental neurotoxicity in animal experiments (Costa and Giordano 2007). As a result of these concerns, the majority of commercial PBDE mixtures have been banned from manufacture, sale, and use within the European Union. [Pg.281]

Incineration of a collection of polymers with 10 different kinds of brominated flame retardants has been studied under standardized laboratory conditions using varying parameters including temperature and air flow. Polybrominated diphenyl ethers like the deca-, octa-, and pentabromo compounds yield a mixture of brominated dibenzofurans while burning in polymeric matrices. Besides cyclization, debromination/hydrogenation is observed. Influence of matrix effects and burning conditions on product pattern has been studied the relevant mechanisms have been proposed and the toxicological relevance is discussed. [Pg.363]

Scheme 3. Mechanism of Copper Catalyzed Formation of PBDD from Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers.

Costa, L.G. and Giordano, G. (2007). Developmental neurotoxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants. Neurotoxicology 28, 1047-1067. [Pg.343]

Gustafsson, K., Bjork, M., and Burreau, S. et al. (1999). Bioaccumulation kinetics of bromi-nated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edu-lis). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 1218-1224. [Pg.350]

Hale, R.C., La Guardia, M.J., and Harvey, E.P. et al. (2001). Polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in Virginia freshwater fishes (USA). Environmental Science and Technology 35, 4585 591. [Pg.350]

Sellstrom, U., Jansson, B., and Kierkegaard, C. et al. (1993). Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) in biological samples from the Swedish environment. Chemosphere 26, 1703-1718. [Pg.367]

CoMSIA (comparative molecular similarity index analysis) is a recent development from CoMFA and does not suffer from the alignment problem. It has been used to model hERG potassium channel inhibition by drugs [59] and the toxicity of phenylsulfonyl carboxylates [60], organophosphates [61], and polybrominated diphenyl ethers [62], with results comparable to those from CoMFA. [Pg.481]

Wang YW, Liu HX, Zhao CY, Liu HX, Cai ZW, Jiang GB. Quantitative structure-activity relationship models for prediction of the toxicity of polybrominated diphenyl ether congeners. Environ Sci Technol 2005 39 4961-6. [Pg.491]

He J, KR Robrock, L Alvarez-Cohen (2006) Microbial rednctive debromination of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs). Environ Sci Technol 40 4429-4434. [Pg.479]

Sellstrdm U, A Kierkegaard, C de Witt, B Jansson (1998) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromo-cyclododecane in sediment and fish from a Swedish river. Environ Toxicol Chem 17 1065-1072. [Pg.584]

Wang, J., KUks, M. M., Jun, S., and Li, Q. X. (2010a). Residues of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in honeys from different geographic regions. /. Agric. Food Chem. 58, 3495-3501. [Pg.136]

For this purpose, the WEEE Directive has been complemented with an additional directive that limits the use of certain pollutants in these products. The EC Directive 2002/95/EC on the Restriction of the use of certain Hazardous Substances in electrical and electronic equipment (RoHS Directive) ([7], recast 2011 [9]) restricts the use of the six harmful substances/substance families lead, mercury, hexavalent chromium, polybrominated biphenyls (PBB), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) to 0.1% and cadmium to 0.01% w/w per homogenous material in equipment and components, but with several exemptions for a wide range of applications (Annex III and IV). [Pg.140]

Leung AOW, Luksemburg WJ, Wong AS, Wong MH (2007) Spatial distribution of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzo furans in soil and combusted residue at Guiyu, an electronic waste recycling site in southeast China. Environ Sci Technol 41 2730-2737... [Pg.278]

Table 1 Concentrations of chlorinated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (CIPAHs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polybrominated biphenyls (PBBs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), and polybrominated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PBDD/Fs) in ambient air, soil, and human samples collected from e-waste recycling and reference sites in China... [Pg.287]

Bi XH, Thomas GO, Jones KC, Qu WY, Sheng GY, Martin FL, Fu JM (2007) Exposure of electronics dismantling workers to polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls, and organochlorine pesticides in South China. Environ Sci Technol 41(16) 5647-5653. doi 10.1021/es070346a... [Pg.307]

Yang ZZ, Zhao XR, Zhao Q, Qin ZF, Qin XF, Xu XB, Jin ZX, Xu CX (2008) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in leaves and soil from typical electronic waste polluted area in South China. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 80(4) 340-344. doi 10.1007/s00128-008-9385-x... [Pg.307]

Shi T, Chen SJ, Luo XJ, Zhang XL, Tang CM, Luo Y, Ma YJ, Wu JP, Peng XZ, Mai BX (2009) Occurrence of brominated flame retardants other than polybrominated diphenyl ethers in environmental and biota samples from southern China Chemosphere 74(7) 910-916. doi 10.1016/j. chemosphere.2008.10.047... [Pg.308]

Guan YF, Wang JZ, Ni HG, Luo XJ, Mai BX, Zeng EY (2007) Riverine inputs of polybrominated diphenyl ethers from the Pearl River Delta (China) to the coastal ocean. Environ Sci Technol 41(17) 6007-6013. doi 10.1021/es070782x... [Pg.309]

Wen S, Yang F, Li JG, Gong Y, Zhang XL, Hui Y, Wu YN, Zhao YF, Xu Y (2009) Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxin and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs), polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) monitored by tree bark in an e-waste recycling area. Chemosphere 74(7) 981-987. doi 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2008.10.002... [Pg.309]

Harrad S, Wijesekera R, Hunter S, Halliwell C, Baker R (2004) Preliminary assessment of U.K. human dietary and inhalation exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers. Environ Sci Technol 38(8) 2345-2350. doi 10.1021/es0301121... [Pg.311]

Wilford BH, Hamer T, Zhu J, Shoeib M, Jones KC (2004) Passive sampling survey of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in indoor and outdoor air in Ottawa, Canada ... [Pg.311]

Sjodin A, Jones RS, Focant JF, Lapeza C, Wang RY, McGahee EE, Zhang YL, Turner WE, Slazyk B, Needham LL, Patterson DG (2004) Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States. Environ Health Perspect 112(6) 654—658. doi 10.1289/ehp. 6826... [Pg.312]

Inoue K, Harada K, Takenaka K, Uehara S, Kono M, Shimizu T, TakasugaT, Senthilkumar K, Yamashita F, Koizumi A (2006) Levels and concentration ratios of polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in serum and breast milk in Japanese mothers. Environ Health Perspect 114(8) 1179-1185. doi 10.1289/ehp.9032... [Pg.312]

Li QQ, Loganath A, Chong YS, Obbard JP (2005) Determination and occurrence of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in maternal adipose tissue from inhabitants of Singapore. J Chromatogr B 819(2) 253-257. doi 10.1016/j.jchromb.2005.02.011... [Pg.312]

Meironyte D, Bergman A, Noren K (1999) Analysis of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human milk. A time-related trend study, 1972-1997. Organohalogen Compd 58(6) 329-341. doi 10.1080/009841099157197... [Pg.312]

Meironyte GD, Bergman A, Noren K (2001) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Swedish human liver and adipose tissue. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 40(4) 564—570. doi 10.1007/... [Pg.312]

Luo Q, Cai ZW, Wong MH (2007) Polybrominated diphenyl ethers in fish and sediment from river polluted by electronic waste. Sci Total Environ 383(1—3) 115—127... [Pg.348]

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