Assessment alternative

Kaufman, J. W. (1999). The role of upper airway heat and water vapor exchange in hygroscopic aerosol deposition iii the human airway. In Toxicity Assessment Alternatives Methods, Issues, Opportunities (H. Salem and S.A. Katz, Eds.), pp. 63-70. Humana Press Inc., Totow a, NJ. 

Blaauboer BJ (2003) Biokinetic and toxicodynamic modelling and its role in toxicological research and risk assessment. Altern Lab Anim 31(3) 277-281... 

Research interest in POPs appears to be a relatively recent phenomenon with a dramatic increase in the POPs related publications since 1993. Despite a significant number of research studies most of this is limited to studies of field exposure and analytical methods with few studies on risk assessment, alternatives to POPs or management and disposal techniques. Some participants pointed out that there have been few studies in China assessing the long-term effects of POPs on people or critical ecosystems, studies that would be particularly useful for decisionmakers and for increasing public awareness of the problems posed by such chemicals. 

The availability of alternatives should not merely be seen as one consideration in the authorisation process. It should be the decisive factor in deciding the future of a substance of very high concern. Producers and users of chemicals of very high concern should be required to assess alternatives to... 

Baird, S.J.S., J.T. Cohen, J.D. Graham, A.I. Shylakter, and J.S. Evans. 1996. Noncancer risk assessment Alternatives to current Practice. Hum. Ecol. Risk Assess. 2 79-102. 

To provide a more specifically economic theory motivation for the analysis of subsequent sections, we consider here an individual decision-taker who has many sides to his nature, who can and does assess alternatives from various points of view and whose preferences in any particular dimension i can be represented by a utility function u,( ). What sorts of interpretation may plausibly be given to these various m,-( ) Perhaps there is no closed list of answers to this question any normal human agent has access to so many different possible assessments of alternatives as a parent, as a spouse, as a snooker player, as a (self-perceived) defender of high culture, as a self-indulgent person, as a would-be ascetic, as a serious person, as someone who values light amusement from time to time, as a secondhand car salesman, as a second-hand car salesman who hopes to... 

Establish an appropriate design basis for each vessel that needs protection based on the different overpressure cases described in Section 2.3. Choosing the correct design basis requires assessing alternative scenarios to find the credible worst-case scenario. 

Worth AP and Balls M (eds.) (2002) Alternative (non-animal) methods for chemicals testing Current status and future prospects. Chapter 3 The scientific basis of chemical risk assessment. Alternatives to Laboratory Animals ATLA 30(Suppl. 1) 21-25. 

The Chief of Naval Research (CNR) should consider Navy funding of technologies for laboratory diagnostics that support a broader technology base for ELISA (immunoassay) and polymerase chain reaction to drive down crossreactivity and false positives and to assess alternative techniques that may not have the inherent shortcomings of these approaches. 

What, if anything, does the 15-year experience with alternative fuels, and the lessons learned, tell us about the upcoming hydrogen transition We think the lessons learned should be studied in detail by those who have the most to gain from a successful introduction of hydrogen as a transportation fuel, and also by those who have the most to lose from less than full success. We believe the numerous analyses and models developed to assess alternative fuels should now be harnessed to help chart the most effective course toward a hydrogen future. In particular, we have made five overarching observations drawn from the experience with alternative fuels in the United States to date. 

That pilot projects be established to assess alternative reimbursement for the provision of pharmaceutical services not based on the sale of a drug. 

Resnick, L., Resnick, D. (1992). Assessing the thinking curriculum New tools for educational reform. In B. Gifford M. O Connor (Eds.), Changing assessments Alternative views of aptitude, achievement and instruction (pp. 37-76). Norwell, MA Kluwer Academic Publishers. 

Neurotoxicology principles and considerations of in vitro assessment. Altern Lab Anim 32 323-327... 

A National Research Council Reports on the Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment/ Alternatives Program, 57... 

Interestingly, none of the studies reviewed directly addressed the criteria for government Intervention (or support of transfer activities) presented at the outset of this paper. The "ideal" policy assessment, then, would first develop data on the existence and extent of technological uncertainty, market uncertainty, appropriability, and "national need," and then assess alternative government actions, if any such actions are warranted, using one of the four types of methodologies we just described. 

U.S. Congress, Office of Technology Assessment, Alternatives to Animal Use in Research, Testing, and Education, OTA-BA-273 (Washington, DC U.S. Government Printing Office, February 1986). 

ACWA Assembled Chemical Weapons Assessment/ Alternatives... 

Kidd, P., "Phosphatidylserine Membrane nutrient for memory. A clinical and mechanistic assessment," Alternative Medicine Review, 1996, Vol. /, no. 2, pp. 70-846. 

Not only can the interaction table be prepared rather quickly but also it provides an immense amount of qualitative information which itself could form the basis for a preliminary assessment. Alternatively, if the resources, time, and information are not available for an extensive assessment and evaluation, the same table could be the basis for a formal evaluation. 

When required by the results of the risk assessment, alternate proposals for the design and operational changes necessary to achieve an acceptable risk level would be recommended. In their order of effectiveness, the action listing shown in The Safety Decision Hierarchy mentioned in Chapter 15, Acceptable Risk, would be the base upon which remedial proposals are made. For each proposal, remediation cost would be determined and an estimate of its effectiveness in achieving risk reduction would be given. 

The enterprise assesses alternatives of 6.5.2 to determine the degree to which quality factors (produdbility, testabihty, ease of distribution, usability, supportabihty, trainability, and disposability) have been included in the solutions. Additionally, the enterprise assesses whether associated life cycle process needs, requirements, and constraints of the processes are identified and defined. 

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