Resins, house organs

A number of house organs are concerned with the working and fabrication of materials into consumer products. Particularly outstanding among this type are those in the field of plastics chemistry, such as the Durez Molder Plaskon Magazine and Resinous Reporter. 

Adipic acid is a very large volume organic chemical. Worldwide production in 1986 reached 1.6 x 10 t (3.5 x 10 lb) (158) and in 1989 was estimated at more than 1.9 x 10 t (Table 7). It is one of the top fifty (159) chemicals produced in the United States in terms of volume, with 1989 production estimated at 745,000 t (160). Growth rate in demand in the United States for the period 1988—1993 is estimated at 2.5% per year based on 1987—1989 (160). Table 7 provides individual capacities for U.S. manufacturers. Western European capacity is essentially equivalent to that in the United States at 800,000 t/yr. Demand is highly cycHc (161), reflecting the automotive and housing markets especially. Prices usually foUow the variabiUty in cmde oil prices. Adipic acid for nylon takes about 60% of U.S. cyclohexane production the remainder goes to caprolactam for nylon-6, export, and miscellaneous uses (162). In 1989 about 88% of U.S. adipic acid production was used in nylon-6,6 (77% fiber and 11% resin), 3% in polyurethanes, 2.5% in plasticizers, 2.7% miscellaneous, and 4.5% exported (160). 

The reproducibility of the results for heated filament pyrolysers (CDS Pyroprobe 1000) and Curie point pyrolysers (Horizon Instruments) was reported for several samples [34]. This included several synthetic polymers, dammar resin, chitin, an insect cuticle, a hardwood (cherry), a seed coat (water lily), lycopod cuticle (fossil Eskdalia), as well as several organic geological samples. All samples were pyrolysed at 610° C for 5 s in a flow of helium. The residence time in the pyrolyser before pyrolysis was kept constant and the temperature of the sample housing was 250° C. Other parameters such as the temperature of the transfer line to the analytical instrument were also the same. Both systems were connected to a GC/MS system for the pyrolysates analysis. 

Silicate paints/prod-ucts, emulsion paints DIN 18363 (M-SKOl) potash-waterglass (binder), inorganic/organic pigments, mineral fillers, synthetic resins (dispersions, stabilizers), water (dispersing agent) wall p unts, outside house paints... 

When we take a look around we realize that coatings are ubiquitous. From indoor applications such as on telephones, household appliances (TVs, washing machines), furniture, ceiling panels, and flooring, to outside applications such as on automobiles, houses, even roads, coatings are a normal part of our lives. Up until recently they were exclusively derived from organic resins [1]. Slowly but surely these resins are coming to the end of the possibilities with respect to their performance. 

Modifications are possible to give more unusual properties to the resin. Inclusion of polyethylene glycol as polyol produces an alkyd which is water dispersible. One such alkyd has been used in white spirit-based gloss house paint. This paint can be washed from brushes using a weak detergent solution in water without requiring the use of organic solvent. 

In-house tests have been collected and correlated by national and international standards organizations to make them universally applicable. ISO has defined tests and standards set up by other organizations such as the ASTM and DIN so that ISO methods are now widely accepted worldwide. ASTM D1755 defines a system for classifying general-purpose (mass and suspension) and dispersion (paste) resins (55). 

Testing is a critical aspect of plastics performance, and there is an extensive network of testing services in the plastics industry. This includes manufacturers of test equipment, independent testing labs, and industry organizations that develop test standards. Test equipment manufacturers supply equipment to all of the participants in the supply chain, and may also offer test services on a contracted basis. Most resin suppliers have extensive in-house testing, primarily for material characterization, but they may also offer test services for customer applications. Independent testing labs typically offer services on a contracted basis and are often considered the private investigators of the industry. 

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