Research Trends and Directions

The areas reviewed in this chapter represent some research trends and directions in psychiatric therapeutics. Some methods, like VNS and a new generation of medications, are just entering clinical practice and only time will tell what their impact will be. Clearly, the bar must be raised so that newer treatments produce stronger beneficial effects, in shorter times, on a wider segment of patients, and with few or no side effects. These challenges, for example, are particularly formidable in disorders like schizophrenia and Alzheimer s disease, which have relatively high prevalence rates, are severely disabling, and current treatments offer only modest results. 

Clearly at this point the reader will appreciate the impossibility in this short chapter of covering all aspects of these topics, not to mention to be confident we have indeed discovered all the relevant literature. Instead, we shall focus on a selection of seminal papers and refer to the latest research trends and directions involving phosphorus-containing polymeric biomaterials in specific medical applications. 

This book presents a selection of research articles of Prof. C.N.R. Rao covering a wide range of aspects of the chemistry of materials. The book should provide the present day flavour of the subject, and also indicate trends and directions in this important area of materials. 

The Office of Oceanic and Atmospheric Research (OAR) is the division of NOAA that conducts and directs oceanic and atmospheric research. Since carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas and fossil fuels are the leading generator of carbon dioxide, the work of the twelve Environmental Research Laboratories and eleven Joint Institutes of OAR to describe, monitor, and assess climate trends are of great interest to all parties interested in the affect of energy use on climate change. 

In February 1991, many prominent contributors to the movement convened at Stanford University to discuss the results of recent research, possible future directions, and other aspects of psychedelic history and culture at an event called the Bridge Conference, the most noteworthy gathering of its kind in recent times. A brief report of the Bridge Conference is included in this Introduction and used as a springboard for discussing prevalent trends and themes in psychedelia. 

In this special volume on polymer particles, recent trends and developments in the synthesis of nano- to micron-sized polymer particles by radical polymerization of vinyl monomers in environmentally friendly heterogeneous aqueous and supercritical carbon dioxide fluid media are reviewed by prominent worldwide researchers. Polymer particles are prepared extensively as synthetic emulsions and latexes, which are applied as binders in the industrial fields of paint, paper and inks, and films such as adhesives and coating materials. Considerable attention has recently been directed towards aqueous dispersed systems due to the increased awareness of environmental issues. Moreover, such polymer particles have already been applied to more advanced fields such as bio-, information, and electronic technologies. In addition to the obvious commercial importance of these techniques, it is of fundamental scientific interest to completely elucidate the mechanistic details of macromolecule synthesis in the microreactors that the polymer particles in these heterogeneous systems constitute. 

The purpose of this chapter is to discuss briefly, and as far as we are aware of it, the present status of research on chaos in atomic physics including trends and promising research directions. Given the enormous and rapidly growing volume of literature published every year, we cannot provide within the scope of this chapter a complete overview of existing published results. The best we can do is to select - in our opinion -representative results that indicate the status and trends in the field of chaos in atomic physics. 

As an analytical chemist fortuitously transposed to oversee the scientific and administrative direction of the National Center for Toxicology Research (NCTR) for the last two and one half years I consider I have had more than ample time to soak up the essences of modern toxicology and break that barrier of presumptiveness as a chemist to discuss authoritatively the demanding role that chemistry contributes to modern toxicology by illustrating a few selected examples from experiences at NCTR and then advancing future trends and ideas of current research topics. 

The emphasis and direction of phytochemieal research has shifted in the years since this series of international phytochemieal conferences was initiated in 19%. Interest in phytochemicals has grown exponentially during the past few years as evidenced by the creation of research centers, the proliferation of newslettCTS, journals and books, and the many conferences and symposia that are now held on an annual basis. In order to maintain the relevance and value of the biannual conferences held at California State Polytechnic Uiuversity Pomona, the organizers took a more focused approach to designing and planning the most recent conference. The previous conferences were quite eclectic. There was an identified theme but there were typically a number of diverse topics covered in order to keep abreast of all the important trends in phytochemieal research. 

Hydrogel Polymer Electrolytes for Pseudocapacitors and Hybrid ESs As mentioned in Section 2.2 and similar to the research trend in the field of aqueous electrolytes, considerable work has focused on the development of hydrogel electrolytes for ESs with enhanced charge storage capacity, such as pseudocapacitors and hybrid ESs including asymmetric ESs. The electrochemical behavior of the pseudo-capacitive electrode materials is directly influenced by the nature of the electrolytes. 

As a response to the obvious need for clarification about the risk level and as a first step measure to turn the development of safety in a positive direction, the authorities, here represented by the NPD, launched the first RNNS pilot proj ect. The project was done in cooperation with external research institutions and the expressed purpose was to establish a methodology to assess trends in the risk level and safety work at the Norwegian continental shelf (Ministry of work and administration 2001). This pilot project, which included extensive interviews with some of the key actors in the industry, documented the conflicts discussed above (Norwegian Petroleum Directorate 2000). Generally speaking, it became evident that some of the actors had very different views of the risk picture and development, and expressed different perceptions of reality. As a result, the trust among the partners in the industry was low. 

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