Research collaborations

I have been extremely fortunate in having as coauthor Ann-Sofle Allard, who has been a research collaborator for many years. She has been both guide and illustrator, and without her constant help and encouragement, this volume would neither have begun nor would it have come to fruition. 

In situ CO-TPR XAFS studies were performed at the Materials Research Collaborative Access Team (MR-CAT) beam line at the Advanced Photon Source,... 

Research and Special Programs Administration (DOT), 18 2 Research and training reactors, 77 593-594 Research collaborations benefits of, 24 359-360 compensation in, 24 374-375 confidentiality in, 24 375-376 Research deadlines, meeting, 24 384 Research electromagnets, 23 854-855 Research fields, liquid crystals in, 75 117 Research function, technical service and, 24 340... 

The Summer School on Green Chemistry has proved to be a stepping stone in the careers of many young researchers who wished to combine state-of-the-art research in chemistry with environmental awareness. It has also been central to a spontaneous network of scientists who practice green chemistry, and who found common ground for research, collaborations, and the teaching of green chemistry. 

Acknowledgments I am grateful to many members of my research group and research collaborators who have contributed to our research in this field over many years. I would also like to thank Gin Keat Lim, Gregory Edwards-Gau and Andrew Williams for assistance in checking this manuscript... 

The ready availability of the transketolase (TK E.C. 2.2.1.1) from E. coli within the research collaboration in G. A. Sprenger s group suggested the joint development of an improved synthesis of D-xylulose 5-phosphate 19, which was expensive but required routinely for activity measurements [27]. In vivo, transketolase catalyzes the stereospecific transfer of a hydroxyacetyl nucleophile between various sugar phosphates in the presence of a thiamine diphosphate cofactor and divalent cations, and the C2 donor component 19 offers superior kinetic constants. For synthetic purposes, the enzyme is generally attractive for its high asymmetric induction at the newly formed chiral center and high kinetic enantioselectivity for 2-hydroxyaldehydes, as well as its broad substrate tolerance for aldehyde acceptors [28]. 

Critical Path Research and research collaborations (academia and industry)... 

The initial sample consisted of 29 specimens excavated and selected by William Isbell and Anita Cook from investigations at the site of Conchopata from 1998-2002 and from the site of Wari in 1977. Samples were analysed via INAA at the University of Missouri Research Reactor (MURR) as part of a study on Wari ceramics by P. Williams in collaboration with the MURR team. The data reflect several distinct production locales, even within the local heartland region of the Wari state. These characterizations of Wari ceramic production are the subject of several publications in preparation by the research collaborators. 

Ulbricht C, Basch E, Boon H, et al. Safety review of kava (Piper methysticum) by the Natural Standard Research Collaboration. Expert Opin Drug Saf. 2005 4 779-794. 

Foundation (NSF CHE 91-06471) and a grant for research collaboration by the Ministere de l enseignement superieur du Quebec. 

Joint ventures may be initiated for a variety of purposes and in the pharmaceutical industry one of the more common reasons for a joint venture is a research collaboration. This then begins to generate novel intellectual property which can become the object of a potentially valuable commercial venture. However, the reason for forming a joint venture is that there is a dependency between the two parties by the sharing of skills, expertise or resources which neither has alone. The sharing of the costs and risks can make sense in such a speculative venture. Yet there are complications in such an arrangement which need to be considered before proposing a joint venture. 

The Nanoscience Centre, Interdisciplinary Research Collaboration in Nanotechnology, University of Cambridge, 11 J. J. Thomson Avenue, CB3 OFF, UK. wtsh2 cam.ac.uk... 

If the earlier patent application was to the same inventive entity then 102(a) and 102(e) would not apply since those sections apply to the work of another. However, exclusions under 103(c)/102(e) draw their usefulness from the fact that very often in an organization or within a group working together under a research collaboration, different or at least overlapping groups of inventors may work on related aspects of a project such that multiple patent applications may be filed over a period of time where each patent application lists a different inventive entity. In addition, the publication date of the first application is also important since it cannot be antedated in the patent world outside the United States. 

Part of the reason for the lack of natural product-based antifouhng alternatives is the necessity for expertise that historically is only found in an academic-industry research collaboration. The cross purposes of academia and business make it difficult to collaborate. Both academia and industry usually frown upon such research collaborations. The coatings industry usually does its research in-house and shies away from joint research and development programs. At the 10th International Congress, there was one report on isolation of natural products for prevention of larval settlement from an industrial source.140 This report was from scientists trained in academia and hired by a coatings company to do in-house studies of natural products. 

We wish to express our appreciation to Prof. J. Riga (University of Namur), Prof. P. Grobet (Catholic University of Leuven), Dr. B. Gilissen (Flemish Institute for Technological Research), Prof. P. Geladi (University of Ume -Sweden) and Prof. J. Van Landuyt (University of Antwerp) for their research collaboration. 

Incorporation of new data structures resulting from antimalarial research collaboration. 

As far as research collaboration is concerned, the Schering-Plough manufacturing process for its cholesterol absorption inhibitor, Ezetimibe (Zetia), exemplifies the collaboration case. The close interaction between Research and Development, aided by the delay caused by the realization that the first API structure (XVI) had to be modified to overcome metabolism issues, provided the intellectual resource and the time for a fuller understanding of the chemistry needed to create the chiral (3-lactam ring. 

In 2005, the Second International Conference of Environmental Threats to Children, in Buenos Aires, Argentina, assessed major environmental threats to children in Central and Latin American countries and identified priority areas for research collaboration. 

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