Larval settlement

Pteridine, pyrimidine, pyrrole, and imidazole derivatives as natural compounds of marine origin influencing larval settlements and metamorphosis of marine sessile organisms 99YZ457. 

Gaines SD, Roughgarden J (1985) Larval settlement rate a leading determinant of structure in an ecological community of the marine intertidal zone. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 82 3707-3711 Gottlieb OR (1989) The role of oxygen in phytochemical evolution towards diversity. Phytochemistry 28 2545-2548... 

Nylund GM, Pavia H (2003) Inhibitory effects of red algal extracts on larval settlement of the barnacle Balanus improvisus. Mar Biol 143 875-882 Patel P, Callow ME, Joint I, Callow JA (2003) Specificity in the settlement - modifying response of bacterial biofilms towards zoospores of the marine alga Enteromorpha. Environ Microbiol 5 338-349... 

The antifouling sponge metabolite pseudoceratidine (1245) was characterized from the Japanese Pseudoceratina purpurea (1253). This spermidine derivative has excellent larval settlement and metamorphosis inhibitory activity against the barnacle Balanus amphitrite (ED50 = 8.0 pig cm-3), and is the first example of an antifouling spermidine derivative. The four tauroacidins A (1246/1247) and B (1248/1249), with tyrosine kinase inhibitory activity, were isolated from the... 

Fusetani, N., Marine natural products influencing larval settlement and metamorphosis of benthic... 

Slattery, M., Hines, G. A., Starmer, J., and Paul, V. J., Chemical signals in gametogenesis, spawning and larval settlement and defense of the soft coral Sinularia polydactyla, Coral Reefs, 18, 75, 1999. 

Bryan, P.J., Rittschof, D., and McClintock, J.B., Bioactivity of echinoderm ethanolic body wall extracts an assessment of marine bacterial attachment and macroinvertebrate larval settlement, J. Exp. Mar. Biol. Ecol., 196, 79, 1996. 

Lau, S. C. K. and Qian, P. Y., Phlorotannins and related compounds as larval settlement inhibitors of the tube-building polychaete Hydroides elegans, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser., 159, 219, 1997. 

Tamburri, M. N., Finelli, C. M., Wethey, D. S., and Zimmer-Faust, R. K., Chemical induction of larval settlement behavior in flow, Biol. Bull., 191, 367, 1996. 

A variety of other amino acid- or peptide-based cues also induce larval settlement and metamorphosis. For example, larvae of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus settle and metamorphose in response to (1) a peptide-based cue from sand associated with adults, and (2) to water conditioned by adults.135 137 The nudibranch Adalaria proxima is induced to settle and metamorphose by a water-soluble-peptide-based cue from its bryozoan host Electra pilosa.138 139 A surface-associated peptide inducer has been proposed for the tube worm Phragmatopoma lapidosa californica140 but its role as a natural inducer remains to be defined. 

Slattery, M., Chemical cues in marine invertebrate larval settlement, in Marine Woodboring and Fouling Organisms of the Indian Ocean A Review, Naghabushanum, R. and Thompson, J.F., Eds., Oxford and IBH Publishing Co., New Delhi, 1997, 135. 

Butman, C.A., Larval settlement of soft-sediment invertebrates the spatial scales of pattern explained by active habitat selection and the emerging role of hydrodynamic processes, Oceanogr. Mar. Biol. Ann. Rev., 25, 113, 1987. 

Sarojini, R., Nagabhushanam, R., and Fingerman, M., Induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis by neuroactive compounds in marine invertebrates, in Recent Advances in Marine Biotechnology, Vol III, Fingerman, M., Nagabhushanam, R., and Thompson, M.F., Eds., Science Publishers, Inc., Enfield, NH, 1999, 203. 

Wieczorek, S.K. and Todd, C.D., Inhibition and facilitation of bryozoan and ascidian settlement by natural multi-species biofilms effects of film age and the roles of active and passive larval settlement, Mar. Biol., 128, 463, 1997. 

Zimmer-Faust, R.K. and Tamburri, M.N., Chemical identity and ecological implications of a waterborne, larval settlement cue, Limnol. Oceanogr., 39, 1075, 1994. 

Matsumura, K., Nagano, M., and Fusetani, N., Purification of a larval settlement-inducing protein complex (SIPC) of the barnacle Balanus amphitrite, J. Exp. Zool., 281, 12, 1998. 

Morse, A.N.C., Froyd, C.A., and Morse, D.E., Molecules from cyanobacteria and red algae that induce larval settlement and metamorphosis in the mollusc Haliotis rufescens, Mar. Biol., 81, 293, 1984. 

Pawlik, J.R., Chemical induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis in the reef-building tube worm Phragmatopoma californica (Polychaeta Sabellariidae), Mar. Biol., 91, 59, 1986. 

Kitamura, H., Kitahara, S., and Koh, H.B., The induction of larval settlement and metamorphosis of two sea urchins, Pseudocentrotus depressus and Anthocidaris crassispina, by free fatty acids extracted from the coralline red alga Corallina pilulifera, Mar. Biol., 115, 387, 1993. 

Considerable experimental evidence suggests that chemical cues are very important in substrate selection by larvae. In nature, chemical cues may interact with physical or hydrodynamic factors to induce larval settlement.5-7 Despite the evidence that chemical cues are extremely important for settling larvae, the complete chemical identity of the natural inducer molecules is known in very few cases.3-8-11 More commonly, partial chemical characterization has provided clues to the chemical identity of the natural inducers. These partially purified inducers are useful for studying the biology of larval settlement and metamorphosis.912-18... 

Another source of cues for larval settlement are the films of microorganisms (biofilms) found on most underwater surfaces. Microbial films have long been recognized as necessary for the settlement of some invertebrate larvae,23 and the settlement of many, but not all, groups of invertebrate larvae are facilitated by the presence of microbial films.3,24 In some cases, specific types of bacteria present in biofilms may be responsible for facilitating settlement,24-26 and chemicals bound to or released from bacteria may function as settlement inducers. 

---