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Reproductive toxicity experimental evidence

Data sets that are insufficient for evaluating reproductive or developmental toxicity do not arise solely from studies that are unreliable and therefore unworthy of consideration. Information from in vitro or nontraditional in vivo studies, for example, frequently provides enough experimental evidence to corroborate other evidence for an adverse effect. Alone, however, those studies might not provide enough evidence to be considered sufficient to identify an adverse effect. [Pg.56]

CATEGORY IB Presumed human reproductive toxicant The placing of the substance in this category is largely based on evidence fi om experimental animals. Data from animal studies should provide clear evidence of an adverse effect on sexual function and fertility or on development in the absence of other toxic effects, or if occurring together with other toxic effects the adverse effect on reproduction is considered not to be a secondary non-specific consequence of other toxic effects. However, when there is mechanistic information that raises doubt about the relevance of the effect for humans, classification in Category 2 may be more appropriate. [Pg.176]

Unfortunately, many of the compounds dropped from these lists come from chemical classes that are known to contain examples that are of concern to human health (Figure 1). Some, for example, show evidence of carcinogenicity and reproductive toxicity in humans and/or experimental animals (as categorized by the International Agency for Research on Cancer [IARC]) others show a large potential environmental impact and have been slated for inclusion on the EPA s ground water contamination survey (5). [Pg.199]

Bisphenol A causes adverse reproductive and developmental effects in animal studies. But, is the weight of evidence sufficient to consider bisphenol A of high or moderate concern for reproductive and/or developmental toxicity In 2003, the European Union concluded that bisphenol A may adversely affect fertility (reproductive toxic) and that low dose studies indicate bisphenol A may be a development toxicant. Since the EU risk assessment of bisphenol A, a significant body of experimental data has been published evaluating the toxicity potential of bisphenol A at low doses. There is considerable debate on which studies are relevant for evaluating low dose effects of bisphenol A. Issues in the debate include the type of animal studied (the Charles River-Sprague Dawley rat, for example, is the least sensitive test animal to estrogenic chemicals), the... [Pg.36]

In addition to estimates of toxicity for individual solvents, fliere are lists which designate individual solvents as carcinogenic, mutagenic, and reproductively toxic. These lists contain the name of solvent with yes or no remark (or similar). If a solvent is not present on the list that does not endorse its benign nature because only materials diat have been tested are included in the lists. To further elaborate, materials are usually divided into toree categories substance known to cause effect on humans, substance which has caused responses in animal testing and given reasons to believe fliat similar reactions can be expected with human exposures, and substance which is suspected to cause responses based on experimental evidence. [Pg.59]

Experimental Evidence of Pb Associated Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity... [Pg.553]

With a weight-of-evidence approach that considers both toxicity and human exposure information, evaluators can determine whether human or experimental animal data can reasonably be used to predict reproductive or developmental effects in humans under particular conditions of exposure. The approach must distinguish those agents for which there is firm evidence about human risk potential, based on relevant data, from those for which the potential for human effects is uncertain or unlikely. It will aid in setting priorities and developing programs to protect personnel from undue exposure to toxic quantities of agents or from undue costs of unnecessary control measures. [Pg.52]

The data base for sulfur mustard contains two developmental toxicity studies in different species, a reproductive bioassay and a standard subchronic toxicity study in one species. In addition, chronic inhalation studies have been conducted on sulfur mustard using rats, mice, guinea pigs and dogs. The principal study identifies a toxic effect that is consistent with the vesicant properties of sulfur mustard. There is no evidence that any other experimental species would be more sensitive to ingested sulfur mustard therefore, additional oral toxicity studies in other species are not considered critical. [Pg.277]

Much of the evidence for the adverse reproductive effects of selected toxicants will be based on cases involving wildlife exposures to environmental contaminants or on the experimental results of research exposing laboratory animals to large, pharmacological doses of potential toxicants. When available, data will be presented from accidental or intentional human and domestic animal exposures to toxicants associated with riot control and chemical warfare or with environmental catastrophes where incidences of infertility, abortion, and teratogenesis have been traced over the course of a number of years. [Pg.538]

CONSENSUS REPORTS lARC Cancer Review Group 3 IMEMDT 7,56,87 Animal Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 16,265,78. NTP Carcinogenesis Bioassay (feed) No Evidence mouse, rat NCITR NCI-TR-36,78. Reported in EPA TSCA Inventory. SAFETY PROFILE Moderately toxic by ingestion and intraperitoneal routes. Experimental reproductive effects. Human mutation data reported. Questionable carcinogen with experimental tumorigenic data. Combustible. When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of NOx. [Pg.88]

CONSENSUS REPORTS lARC Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 7,134,87 Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 26,97,81. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by intravenous route moderately toxic to humans by intramuscular route. Poison experimentally by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion and intramuscular routes dyspnea and fibrosing alveolitis (lung). Experimental reproductive effects. [Pg.204]

NIOSH REL (Cobalt) Insufficient evidence for recommending limit SAFETY PROFILE Poison by subcutaneous route. Moderately toxic by intraperitoneal route. An experimental teratogen. Experimental reproductive effects. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of POx and NO. See also COBALT COMPOUNDS. [Pg.1428]


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See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.553 , Pg.559 ]




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