Alveolitis, fibrosing

Deaths Deaths associated with the administration of sulfasalazine have been reported from hypersensitivity reactions, agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia, other blood dyscrasias, renal and liver damage, irreversible neuromuscular and CNS changes, and fibrosing alveolitis. If toxic or hypersensitivity reactions occur, discontinue sulfasalazine immediately. 

Pulmonary fibrosis, interstitial pneumonitis, fibrosing alveolitis, pulmonary edema, and pneumonitis have been reported. 

A 60-year-old woman with bipolar disorder since the age of 29 developed idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis) after having taken lithium for 9 years (148). Whether lithium played a causal role is at best highly speculative. 

CONSENSUS REPORTS lARC Cancer Review Group 2B IMEMDT 7,134,87 Human Inadequate Evidence IMEMDT 26,97,81. EPA Genetic Toxicology Program. SAFETY PROFILE A human poison by intravenous route moderately toxic to humans by intramuscular route. Poison experimentally by intravenous and intraperitoneal routes. Human systemic effects by ingestion and intramuscular routes dyspnea and fibrosing alveolitis (lung). Experimental reproductive effects. 

SAFETY PROFILE Human systemic effects by inhalation fibrosing alveolitis (growth of fibrous tissue in the lung), unspecified respirator system effects, and unspecified effects on the nose. Questionable carcinogen with experimental carcinogenic data. Long considered a nuisance dust (depending on silica content). When heated to decomposition it emits toxic fumes of SOx. See also CALCIUM SULFATE, CALCIUM COMPOUNDS, and SULFATES. 

SAFETY PROFILE Human systemic effects by inhalation conjunctiva irritation, fibrosing alveolitis, and liver changes. Narcotic in high concentrations. Nonflammable gas. Can react violently with Al. When heated to decomposition it emits highly toxic fumes of phosgene, CF, and F". 

SAFETY PROFILE Poison by intraperitoneal route. Moderately toxic by ingestion. Human systemic effects arrhythmias, blood pressure lowering, body temperature increase, change in heart rate, convulsions, diarrhea, fibrosing alveolitis, fibrosis, hypermotility, respiratory depression, respiratory stimulation. Used as an herbicide. When heated to decomposition it emits very toxic fumes of NOx and POx. 

Begin R, Cantin A, Sebastien P. 1990. Chrysotile asbestos exposures can produce an alveolitis with limited fibrosing activity in a subset of high fibre retainer sheep. Eur Respir J 3 81-90. 

Lung. Amiodarone may cause pulmonary fibrosis. Sulphasalazine is associated with fibrosing alveolitis. 

Leino R, Liippo K, Ekfors T. Sulphasalazine-induced reversible hypersensitivity pneumonitis and fatal fibrosing alveolitis report of two cases. J Intern Med 1991 229(6) 553-6. 

Pulmonary toxicity in the form of fibrosing alveolitis has been attributed to fluorouracil. 

There is evidence for the involvement of mast cells in fibrosing alveolitis. In patients with fibrosing alveolitis... 

Bateman, E.D., Turner-Warwick, M. Haslam, P.L. et al. (1983). Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis prediction of fibro-genic activity from immunohistochemical studies of collagen types in lung biopsy specimens. Thorax 38, 93-101. 

Campbell, D.A., Poulter, L.W., Janossy, G. and du Bois, B M. (1985). Immunohistological analysis of lung tissue from patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis suggesting local expression of immune hypersensitivity. Thorax 40, 405-411. 

Evans, C.C. (1976). HLA antigens in diffuse fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 31, 483. 

Haslam, P.L., Turton, C.W.G., Lukoszek, A. et al. (1980b). Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell counts in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and their relation to therapy. Thorax 35, 328-339. 

Haslam, P.L., Cromwell, O., Dewar, A. and Turner-Warwick, M. (1981a). Evidence of increased histamine levels in lung lavage fluids from patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Clin. Exp. Immunol. 44, 587-593. 

Johnson, M.A., Kwan, S., Snell, N.J.C. et al. (1989). Randomized controlled trial comparing prednisolone alone with cyclophosphamide and low dose prednisolone in combination in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 44, 280-288. 

Kirk, J.M.E., Heard, B.E., Kerr, I. etal. (1984). Quantitation of types I and III collagen in biopsy lung samples from patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Collagen. Rel. Res. 4, 169-182. 

Robinson, B.W. and Rose, A.H. (1990). Pulmonary gamma interferon production in patients with fibrosing alveolitis. Thorax 45, 105-108. 

Varpela, E., Tiilikainen, A., Varpela, M. and Tukiainen P. (1979). High prevalences of HLA-BI5 and HLA-Dw6 in patients with cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis. Tissue Antigens 14, 68-71. 

Vergnon, J.M., Vincent, M., DeThe, G. etal. (1984). Cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis and Epstein-Barr virus an association Lancet 2, 768-771. 

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