Wildlife exposures

CEFIC has undertaken a wide-ranging programme of research in cooperation with similar organizations throughout the world. The major topics covered by this three-year programme, costing 7m in Europe and 20m worldwide, are male reproductive health, wildlife exposure and testing methods. 

USEPA] US Environmental Protection Agency. 1993b. Wildlife exposure factors handbook, Vol. 1. United States Environmental Protection Agency, Method EPA 600-R-93- 187a. 

Biological sampling determining routes of wildlife exposure to pesticides... 

The first step in a wildlife exposure assessment is to document the occurrence and persistence of a pesticide in the study area throughout the study duration. Several articles in this book describe the experimental designs and best practices to conduct field crop and environmental dissipation (air, soil and water) studies. This article presents methods to quantify spatial and temporal distributions of pesticide presence in ecosystems following normal application and resultant exposure of nontarget wildlife. 

For the purposes of these field studies, a test system is defined as a specific tract of land managed in part through use of pesticides. Test systems are normally limited to one crop or land use type and may include row crops, grains, fruits or golf courses. The tract of land, of course, has associated biota that are present naturally or as part of the management practices. These biota are also part of the test system and are normally described as test species or species of interest. Selection of test systems is critical to evaluate wildlife exposure scenarios in a sufficient number of sites within appropriate geographic regions. 

Crop protection chemicals undergoing field testing to determine dissipation, wildlife exposure and toxicological effects will have undergone extensive laboratory tests to... 

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