Remote process control

Raman spectrometry [167, 177, 192-194, 197a], which is also potentially suitable for remote process control. 

This said, remote process control can be variously implemented, taking advantage of the many scopes of control systems that are available. Ambitiously, a pilot plant processing area will have most of its process and... 

Some properties of electrochemical processes make them particularly suitable for urine treatment in a small decentralized reactor no chemicals have to be added, the reaction can be easily started and terminated, a wide range of compounds can be oxidized or reduced, and the electric parameters current and voltage can be used for process automation and remote process control. However, electrochemical processes also have some drawbacks the energy consumption is higher than for comparable biological processes, side reactions can produce unwanted by-products, and efficient electrodes are often e ensive. 

The proposed system offers a cost effective solution for small scale research SFE systems with the ability of detailed parametric analysis and remote process supervision, normally not available in industrial grade SFE systems. The fact that the system enables remote parameter supervision and remote process control presents an advantage for scientific research. Also with precision temperature and pressure control a supercritical state of the CO2 can be guaranteed, eliminating the possibility of not achieving supercritical conditions of the fluid. 

The next step is to apply a number of loss control credit factors such as process control (emergency power, cooling, explosion control, emergency shutdown, computer control, inert gas, operating procedures, reactive chemical reviews), material isolation (remote control valves, blowdown, drainage, interlocks) and fire protection (leak detection, buried tanks, fire water supply, sprinkler systems, water curtains, foam, cable protection). The credit factors are combined and appHed to the fire and explosion index value to result in a net index. 

Fiber-Optic Probes. Fiber-optic probes provide remote sampling capabilities to Raman instmmentation, are stable, and give reproducible signals. Their historical niche has been in environmental monitoring. More recently these probes have been used in chemical process control and related areas such as incoming materials inspection. 

The objective ia any analytical procedure is to determine the composition of the sample (speciation) and the amounts of different species present (quantification). Spectroscopic techniques can both identify and quantify ia a single measurement. A wide range of compounds can be detected with high specificity, even ia multicomponent mixtures. Many spectroscopic methods are noninvasive, involving no sample collection, pretreatment, or contamination (see Nondestructive evaluation). Because only optical access to the sample is needed, instmments can be remotely situated for environmental and process monitoring (see Analytical METHODS Process control). Spectroscopy provides rapid real-time results, and is easily adaptable to continuous long-term monitoring. Spectra also carry information on sample conditions such as temperature and pressure. 

Control system, speed control, pressure control, and process control, so that consideration can be given to remote control, speed or pressure variation that can be tolerated, and system response speed... 

Control systems, speed control, pressure control, process control If remote control, will it be pneumatic or electric And, what speed or pressure variation can be tolerated, and how fast must the system respond ... 

Process control plays an important role in how a plant process upset can be controlled and subsequent emergency actions executed. Without adequate and reliable process controls, an unexpected process occurrence cannot be monitored, controlled and eliminated. Process controls can range from simple manual actions to computer logic controllers, remote from the required action point, with supplemental instrumentation feedback systems. These systems should be designed such as to minimize the need to activate secondary safety devices. The process principles, margins allowed, reliability and the means of process control are mechanisms of inherent safety that will influence the risk level at a facility. 

All solids resulting from processing are loaded (under automatic or remotely operated control) into process bins for transport to Area 400 for decontamination to a 5X condition. Gases released from the operations in this area, with the exception of those from the COINS (which are swept to Area 400 for destruction), are swept into the standard cascade air system utilized to control and condition the plant air in baseline system facilities. 

The automation concept implemented at Conroe is called computer production control (CPC).2 CPC systems are driven by a general purpose process-control computer (48-K core memory) centrally located and programmed to monitor production and equipment operations and perform oil and gas accounting. As shown in Fig. 11, the computer is connected to a supervisory control system with a computer interface unit (CIU) to provide remote data acquisition and control function capability. 

Control of the field occurs on two levels. The upper level Is the supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) system whose main responsibility is well flow rate control, well testing, production allocation, accounting and general field monitoring. The SCADA system is operated from the Main Operations Center (MOC) which is remote from all three GCs. The second level of control is process control in the individual GCs. Flow to the GCs Is normally controlled by the SCADA system (HOC operator), but the GC operator can override and control well flow rates in case of SCADA system failure or other unusual circumstances. The GC operator and the MOC operator communicate via a dedicated telephone connection. 

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