Buried tanks

The next step is to apply a number of loss control credit factors such as process control (emergency power, cooling, explosion control, emergency shutdown, computer control, inert gas, operating procedures, reactive chemical reviews), material isolation (remote control valves, blowdown, drainage, interlocks) and fire protection (leak detection, buried tanks, fire water supply, sprinkler systems, water curtains, foam, cable protection). The credit factors are combined and appHed to the fire and explosion index value to result in a net index. 

Governmental regulations concerning buried tanks are becoming... 

For normally buried tanks, tanks with measures against buoyancy and tanks with a secondary containment, no difficulties are to be expected for protection current densities below 200 fJ.A m. On the other hand, the protective action can... 

For water spray protection over tlie entire surface area of tlie tank designed witli a density of 0.25 gpni/ft or more F=0.3. For an approved fire resistant installation, F=0.3. For an underground or buried tank, F=0.3. For water spray witli good drainage F=0.15. 

Underground and underwater Underground fuel/oil tanks and pipelines water, fire protection, gas and compressed underground air distribution schemes underground metallic sewers and culverts underground communication and power cables deep wells other buried tanks and tanks in... 

Potential contamination of groundwater due to leakage Government regulations concerning buried tanks have become... 

Design liquid storage so leaks and spills do not accumulate under tanks or process equipment Use open structures for plants using flammable or combustible materials Avoid buried tanks... 

Figure 2.2 Simple random sampling. The sampling units are selected on a random basis. A drawback is that large parts of the sampling site may be left out completely the buried tanks could be missed altogether.

Governmental regulations concerning buried tanks are becoming more and more strict. This is because of the large number of leaking tanks that have been identified as causing adverse environmental and human health problems. 

Purcar, M., Deconinck, J., Van den Bosshe, B., Bortels, L., and Stehouwer, P.J., 2005. Numerical 3D BEM simulation of a CP system for a buried tank influenced by a steel reinforced concrete foundation , Simulation of Electrochemical Processes, WIT Transaction on Engineering Sciences, 48, pp. 47-56. 

Flow boundaries—impermeable surfaces across which flow cannot occur, such as the surfaces of clay lenses, concrete, or buried tanks—should be thought of as streamlines because water flows parallel to them. Like streamlines, flow boundaries are perpendicular to isopotentials. 

Temperature Maintained by partially burying tanks in the ground or immersing in a flat-bottomed pond... 

Electromagnetic (EM) surveys are most widely used to create profiles or maps of subsurface conductivity. Lateral variations in conductivity, at a given depth, may be interpreted as contaminant plumes, sand and gravel deposits, clay deposits, karst features, salt water intrusion or buried objects (Figure 6). Because field surveys may be completed rapidly, EM techniques are often implemented to map large sites and to provide detailed maps of variable site subsurface features such as isolated karst features, and buried tanks or 55 gallon drums. 

Thirdly, intrusive investigation is carried out carefully, so that further contamination is avoided, for example by damage to buried tanks and pipes or by breaking barriers to movement of contamination, such as clay horizons protecting groundwater. 

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