Remote computers

Monitoring and control of the production process will be performed by a combination of instrumentation and control equipment plus manual involvement. The level of sophistication of the systems can vary considerably. For example, monitoring well performance can be done in a simple fashion by sending a man to write down and report the tubing head pressures of producing wells on a daily basis, or at the other extreme by using computer assisted operations (CAO) which uses a remote computer-based system to control production on a well by well basis with no physical presence at the wellhead. 

It should be emphasized at this point that the speed of response is cnti-cal. The pressure transient pressure should not fall to less than 50% of the difference in pressure between the standby pump start pressure and the low oil pressure trip pressure. This is normally achievable with good design practice and the use of a switch and direct wiring. There is some tendency to use a transmitter and control through a remote computer. The latter arrangement is difficult to check on a shop test and normally is too slow to meet the requirement. An accumulator can be added and must be used if the requirement cannot be met. This additional hardware contributes to higher initial cost and possible reliability problems in the future. The direct switch method is therefore highly recommended. 

The microprocessor should also be able to support modem communication with remote computers. This feature will enable multiple plant operation and direct access to third party diagnostic and analysis support. Data can be transferred anywhere in the world using this technique. Not all predictive maintenance systems use a true RS 232 communications protocol or support modem communications. These systems can severely limit the capabilities of your program. The various predictive maintenance techniques will add other specifications for an acceptable data acquisition unit. 

FEMAP andVisQ With FEMAP, users can define analysis models, integrate the appropriate solver technologies and review, interpret and document their results quickly and efficiently. VisQ speeds and automates the batch solution process by integrating remote computer servers across networks and the Internet with FEMAP on the engineer s desktop. 

The telephone is still one of the primary means of communication for clinical trial personnel. The telephone is used for both voice and digital communications. Voice communication is the normal person-to-person telephone call. Data communication with the telephone is the transmission of digital data from one location to another. Various software packages have been developed for this purpose. Using a voice modem connected to a telephone, a user on a local computer can connect to another remote computer that has a modem connected to a telephone and download or upload data files. Local and remote users can also communicate with text messages. The local computer operator can even control the remote computer for trouble-shooting or system update. 

Control of site equipment is always important for safety and operational concerns. Many sites are remote or not staffed on a daily basis. Remediation equipment should be fitted with failsafe systems to shut down the system in the event of failure, fire, or unusual conditions (such as injection well plugging). Alarm systems should be included, which may be as simple as illuminating a warning hght, or as complex as a teleconnection to a remote computer station or telephone alert to the operator s residence. Many commercial companies offer remote monitoring equipment. 

Simply, SCADA is a computer-based control system that remotely controls processes previously controlled manually. The philosophy behind SCADA control systems can be summed up by the phrase, If you can measure it, you can control it. SCADA allows an operator using a central computer to supervise (control and monitor) multiple networked computers at remote locations. Each remote computer can control mechanical processes (mixers, pumps, valves, etc.) and collect data from sensors at... 

The central computer is called the master terminal unit, or MTU. The MTU has two main functions to periodically obtain data from RTUs/PLCs and to control remote devices through the operator station. The operator interfaces with the MTU using software called human machine interface (HMI). The remote computer is called the program logic controller (PLC) or remote terminal unit (RTU). The RTU activates a relay (or switch) that turns mechanical equipment on and off. The RTU also collects data from sensors. Sensors perform measurement, and actuators perform control. 

In the initial stages utilities ran wires, also known as hardwire or land lines, from the central computer (MTU) to the remote computers (RTUs). Since remote locations can be located hundreds of miles from the central location, utilities began to use public phone lines and modems, leased telephone company lines, and radio and microwave communication. More recently, they have also begun to use satellite links, the Internet, and newly developed wireless technologies. 

If you plan to use your PC for accessing NMR data stored on remote computers, you... 

In the next Select Components dialog box you do not have to specify any of the transfer programs shown. These entries are used for data transfer to remote computers with the full version of GETILE. Consult the Bruker GETFILE manual [2.3] for further details on using GETFILE for your future work. 

Various protocols are available for importing data from a remote computer to your PC. The simplest and most elegant way to perform this task is to use cither NFS (Network File Server) or FTP (File Transfer Protocol). An example of how NFS and FTP may be used within a local network, including the conversion of the corresponding data format into the WINNMR format, is outlined in section 2.7.2. 

Transfer and Conversion of NMR Data stored on Remote Computers... 

In principle any NMR data file may be transferred and stored on your PC hard disk in its original format (UXNMR/XWINNMR, DISNMR). Alternatively the NMR data file may have already been converted into the WINNMR format on the remote computer before being copied to your PC. The most usual way, however, i.s to import the file in it.s original format and to convert it into the WINNMR format prior to using ID WIN-NMR or 2D WIN-NMR. 

Il is the NFS based transfer and conversion of NMR data stored on remote computers which will be demonstrated in the following Check its. 

For any UXNMR/XWINNMR format ID or 2D NMR file stored on a remote computer the transfer via NFS, its conversion into the WINNMR format and its storage on the hard disk of your PC may be performed in either an automatic or interactive stepwise manner... 

Start the ID WIN-NMR program and from the first Help menu choose the Contents submenu to access the introductory remarks and the main Help menu. Click on the item FID- and Spectrum Window and select the topic Pull Down Menu. Further items appear. Select File and then Filecopy Convert. Here you will find all the necessary information for the transfer of UXNMR/XWINNMR files from a remote computer to your PC. Use the Up button to move up from one level to the other, back to the main Help menu and the Close button to exit the Help tool. 

MS-WINDOWS Program Manager, to call the GETFILE program for copying and converting data files stored on remote computers, to extract FIDs from a 2D spectrum into ID WIN-NMR spectra and to exit the WIN-NMR program. 

Remote login is the ability of a computer user in one location to establish an on-line connection with another computer elsewhere. Once the connection is established, the remote computer is used as if it were a hard-wired terminal of that system. Within the Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) suite, this facility is called Telnet. Using Telnet, an Internet user can establish connections with a multitude of library catalogues, other bibliographic databases, university information systems, full text databases, data files (eg, statistics, oceanographic data, meteorological data, and geographic data), and other on-line services. Many of these connections are available to any Internet user and can be accessed without an account. 

Keywords Internet protocol time delay attacking computer victim computer remote computer virtual connection... 

Figure 3. General Algorithm of Remote computer Status Determination...

The procedure, which executes verification of remote computer presence in the network. This computer is recognized as computer of potential hacker. This function is executed by the standard instrument of C language namely by using a function connect(). If communication with a remote computer does not exist the procedure must finish its operation ... 

The developed program module can work on the servers as well as workstations, and it s designed for determination of remote computer status during network attack. 

There is proposed the method of remote computer status determination allows to determine the remote computer status with potential terrorist on the basis of time delays between IP-packages, and developed algorithm, and implemented software module which can be used as one of components of remote network attacks detecting system in a combination with other known methods. 

Telnet. Telnet is a program using the communication protocol of the Internet (TCP/IP) to provide a connection onto remote computers. You can use Telnet to contact a host machine simply by typing in the host name or IP number if you have Internet access from your computer. You will then be asked for a login identity and your password. Often buried within Telnet is a version of FTP, so you can transfer files from the TCP/IP host to your own computer. 

File Fetching File Transfer Protocol. The File Transfer Protocol (FTP) allows you to download (get) resources from a remote computer onto your own, or... 

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