Legal references

The legal basis for the sale of fertilizers throughout the world is laboratory evaluation of content as available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. By convention, numerical expression of the available nutrient content of a fertilizer is by three successive numbers that represent the percent available of N, P20, and K O, respectively. Thus, for example, a 20—10—5 fertilizer contains available nitrogen in the amount of 20% by weight of N, available phosphoms in amount equivalent to 10% of P2O5, and available potassium in amount equivalent to 5% K O. The numerical expression of these three numbers is commonly referred to as the analysis or grade of the fertilizer. Accepted procedures for laboratory analysis are fixed by laws that vary somewhat from country to country. 

There are no universally accepted definitions of substitute dairy foods, which are referred to as imitations, simulates, substitutes, analogues, and mimics and are associated with terms such as filled, nondairy, vegetable nondairy, and artificial milk, cheese, etc. The term nondairy has been used indiscriminately to describe both imitation dairy products and products legally defined as not being imitation dairy products. Dairy substitutes can be divided into three types those in which an animal or vegetable fat has been substituted for milk fat those that contain a milk component, eg, casein [9000-71-9] or whey protein and those that contain no milk components (see Milk and milkproducts). The first two types make up most of the substitute dairy products. 

The provision and use of properly selected personal protective equipment is normally regarded as back-up for the previous measures. Refer to Chapter 13. In some situations it is the only reasonably practicable measure to ensure personal safety and its use may be a legal requirement. Examples are ... 

Table 3.1 (taken from reference [wolfSfib]) gives the approximate fractions of a variety of legal totalistic rules belonging to each of the four behavioral classes. We see that rules generally become more likely to exhibit c3 or c4 behavior for larger A and V, and that c4 behavior does not appear at all in any of the elementary r = 1, k = 2 rules. 

A legal definition that varies from country to country. In the USA it refers to any boiler generating steam at or above 15 psig. In practice, a boiler is commonly only referred to as high pressure if it generates steam at over perhaps 350 to 650 psig. 

You get both the principal legal requirements (The Articles) and the technical detail (The Annexes) in one document. As mentioned above, national legislation may just transpose the Articles, and you may have to refer back to the directive for the technical Annexes. 

Since the 1993 court decision against Barr Laboratories, 5 tjjg elimination of outliers has taken on a decidedly legal aspect in the U.S. (any non-U.S. company that wishes to export pharmaceuticals or preciwsor products to the U.S. market must adhere to this decision concerning out-of-specifica-tion results, too) the relevant section states that ... An alternative means to invalidate an individual OOS result... is the (outlier test). The court placed specific restrictions on the use of this test. (1) Firms cannot frequently reject results on this basis, (2) The USP standards govern its use in specific areas, (3) The test cannot be used for chemical testing results. ... A footnote explicitly refers only to a content uniformity test, 5 but it appears that the rule must be similarly interpreted for all other forms of inherently precise physicochemical methods. For a possible interpretation, see Section 4.24. 

The establishment of performance criteria for a given tumor marker test is not a simple process because accuracy and precision are unique for each type of analyte and its application. Establishing methodological limits for accuracy, precision, sensitivity, and specificity often requires standard reference materials, quality control materials, comparative studies, and actual clinical specimens. Accuracy and precision must be measured over the analyte reportable range for which the device is intended to be used. Sensitivity and specificity must be considered with respect to the intended clinical use of the device. Also, the indications for use should be carefully considered in the design of the study protocol. The indications for class II should be to monitor residual tumor after surgery (or radiation), the recurrence of tumor, or response to therapy. A 510(k) must provide clear evidence that the device is accurate, safe, effective, and substantially equivalent to a device legally marketed in the United States. 

It must be stressed that this book can do no more than to serve as a guide to much more detailed information available via the quoted references. It cannot relieve the student, the chemist and their supervisors of their moral and now legal obligation to themselves and to their co-workers, to equip themselves with the fullest possible information from the technical literature resources which are widely available, before attempting any experimental work with materials known, or suspected, to be hazardous or potentially so. It could be impossible for you after the event. 

Traditionally, seed purity referred to the level of foreign material within a given seed lot that has been regulated by some sort of legally recognized... 

Some clients are sent to treatment or therapy, and to aftercare, under legal mandates by the courts. Other clients may be sent to treatment or therapy, and to aftercare, by employers or even by school officials. These clients often are referred to as mandated clients. Mandated clients generally have special needs that other clients may not have. 

The following is a brief selective listing of major worldwide fire and explosion incidents within the hydrocarbon and chemical industries during the last 25 years (1970 - 1994), both onshore and offshore. Numerous smaller incidents have been recorded that are not listed here but may be studied in other references. Where the number of fatalities has been reported in public accounts they are listed next to the financial loss. Financial losses are direct property damage losses and do not include business interruption, legal, or environmental impacts. 

Not all combinations of attribute values are legal. We have already seen how the type diagram constrains the snapshots that are allowed (Figure 2.6 and Figure 2.9 showed some examples). Those constraints were all about the type of object an individual attribute referred to. 

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