Residues monitoring

Method of analysis proposed for residue monitoring Method ... 

YessNJ. 1992. Residue monitoring 1991. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 75 135A-157A. 

The FDA pesticide residue monitoring program analyzes selected baby foods for endosulfan under its Total Diet Study. In the period 1991-1995, 29 incidences of detectable amounts of endosulfan were reported from analyses of 276 items purchased in 12 separate collections (FDA 1995). 

FDA. 1995. Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring - 1995. FDA. http //vm.cfsan.fda.gov/ dms/Des95res.html... 

Yess NJ, Houston MG, Gunderson EL. 1991a. Food and Drug Adminisration pesticide residue monitoring of foods 1978-1982. J AOAC Int 74(2) 265-272. 

FDA. 1990. Residues in foods-1989 (3rd Annual FDA Pesticide Residue Monitoring Program Report). 

The high BCF values observed for chlordecone (>60,000) indicate that the compound will be found in high concentrations in aquatic organisms that dwell in waters or sediments contaminated with chlordecone. Chlordecone has been detected in fish and shellfish from the James River, which empties into the Chesapeake Bay, at levels in the pg/g (ppm) range. There is currently a fish consumption advisory in effect for the lower 113 miles of the James River. Chlordecone residues were detected in foods analyzed from 1978-1982 and 1982-1986 as part of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Pesticide Residue Monitoring Studies. Chlordecone was detected in one of 27,065 food samples analyzed by 10 state laboratories, but was not detected in the more recent FDA Pesticide Residue Monitoring Studies from 1986 to 1991. No information on the specific foods in which residues were found or levels detected was located. 

Mirex residues were detected in food samples analyzed as part of the FDA Pesticide Residue Monitoring Studies conducted from 1978--1982 of 49,877 food samples and from 1982-1986 of 49,055 food samples however, the frequency of detection was unspecified but was <1 and 2% respectively (Yess et al. 1991a, 1991b). A similar 1985 analysis of foods grown in Ontario, Canada, failed to detect any mirex or photomirex in any of the vegetable, fruit, milk, egg, or meat products tested (Davies 1988). Mirex was also detected in the FDA Pesticide Residue Monitoring Study from 1986-1987 however, the frequency of detection was unspecified but less than 1% (FDA 1988). 

Mirex was not detected in 27,065 samples of food collected in 10 state food laboratories from 1988 and 1989 (Minyard and Roberts 1991). Mirex was also not detected in domestically produced or imported foods sampled as part of the FDA Pesticide Residue Monitoring Study during 1988-1989 (FDA 1990), was detected (at less than 1 % occurrence) in foods sampled in 1989-1990 (FDA 1991), and was not detected in foods sampled in 1990-1991 and 1992-1992 (FDA 1992, 1993). Mirex residues were detected in one sample of 806 composited milk samples collected through the Pasteurized Milk Program by the EPA in 1990-1991 (Trotter and Dickerson 1993). The milk was sampled at 63 stations that provide an estimated 80% of the milk delivered to U.S. population centers. At each station, milk from selected sources was composited to represent milk routinely consumed in the station s metropolitan area. The detection of mirex occurred in milk samples from Cristobal, Panama. 

FDA. 1991. Residues in foods, 1990 (4th annual FDA pesticide residue monitoring program report). Assoc Off Anal Chem 74(5) 121A-140A. 

Source adapted from FDA (2003), Food and Drug Administration Pesticide Program Residue Monitoring 2001. 

FDA (1992). Pesticide program residue monitoring, 1991, JAOAC 75, 136A-158A. 

Worldwide data are not readily available as many nations do not publish the results of their animal residue monitoring programs. The best available data are those published regularly by the Food Safety Inspection Service (FSIS) of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). It is possible to go back over data for many years and demonstrate improvements in the residue situation, however the records for the past few years are the important ones as they are representative of current or recent events. Since the publication of worldwide residue data is at best sparse and not consistent, this chapter has made use of the regularly published residue data from the FSIS/USDA surveys, which are available on the Internet. The assumption made in this chapter, and perhaps there is a certain naivete to this assumption, is that international residue usage is similar to that found by the FSIS/USDA. This assumption is based upon the frequency of residues found in meat products imported into the U.S. 

Direct injection of blood serum (102) or sample extracts with little or no cleanup (53) is possible, which makes HPLC procedures comparable in speed with other rapid tests With increased use of solid-phase absorption in cleanup, automation of procedures is feasible TLC is also a useful and inexpensive technique and quantitative TLC methods have been described (30,63) The following chapter describes practical application of various procedures in a drug residue monitoring program ... 

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