Quality reconciling

The properties of straight run diesel fuels depend on both nature of the crude oil and selected distillation range. Thus the paraffinic crudes give cuts of satisfactory cetane number but poorer cold characteristics the opposite will be observed with naphthenic or aromatic crudes. The increasing demand for diesel fuel could lead the refiner to increase the distillation end point, but that will result in a deterioration of the cloud point. It is generally accepted that a weight gain in yield of 0.5% could increase the cloud point by 1°C. The compromise between quantity and quality is particularly difficult to reconcile. 

You should consider obtaining internal and external quality assurance reviews of the study (to ferret out errors in modeling, data, etc.). Independent peer reviews of the QRA results can be helpful by presenting alternate viewpoints, and you should include outside experts (either consultants or personnel from another plant) on the QRA review panel. You should also set up a mechanism wherein disputes between QRA team members (e.g., technical arguments about safety issues) can be voiced and reconciled. All of these factors play an essential role in producing a defendable, high-quality QRA. Once the QRA is complete, you must formally document your response to the project team s final report and any recommendations it contains. 

Ionic liquid synthesis in a commercial context is in many respects quite different from academic ionic liquid preparation. While, in the commercial scenario, labor-intensive steps add significantly to the price of the product (which, next to quality, is another important criterion for the customer), they can easily be justified in academia to obtain a purer material. In a commercial environment, the desire for absolute quality of the product and the need for a reasonable price have to be reconciled. This is not new, of course. If one looks into the very similar business of phase-transfer catalysts or other ionic modifiers (such as commercially available ammonium salts), one rarely finds absolutely pure materials. Sometimes the active ionic compound is only present in about 85 % purity. However, and this is a crucial point, the product is well specified, the nature of the impurities is known, and the quality of the material is absolutely reproducible from batch to batch. 

Quality limits are often stipulated by laws, regulations, or standards however, they are frequently determined by mutual agreements, too. Considering the particular risks Rm resp. Rc, especially the values a and / have to be reconciled, whereby, in practice, a = fi is often taken as the basis. 

If this procedure is followed, then a reaction order will be obtained which is not masked by the effects of the error distribution of the dependent variables If the transformation achieves the four qualities (a-d) listed at the first of this section, an unweighted linear least-squares analysis may be used rigorously. The reaction order, a = X + 1, and the transformed forward rate constant, B, possess all of the desirable properties of maximum likelihood estimates. Finally, the equivalent of the likelihood function can be represented b the plot of the transformed sum of squares versus the reaction order. This provides not only a reliable confidence interval on the reaction order, but also the entire sum-of-squares curve as a function of the reaction order. Then, for example, one could readily determine whether any previously postulated reaction order can be reconciled with the available data. 

Label usage must be reconciled to assure there are no stray labels. Whether printed on-demand or preprinted, labels should be issued to the packaging operators with a label reconciliation form. The form will indicate the label by reference identification and if the labels were printed on-demand will indicate the printed labels have been reviewed and approved by the Quality Unit or their designate. The reconciliation... 

Procedures should be used to reconcile the quantities of labels issued, used, and returned and to evaluate discrepancies found between the number of containers labeled and the number of labels issued. Such discrepancies should be investigated and the investigation should be approved by the quality unit(s). 

Clinical trials of donepezil were funded by the manufacturer and appear to have been methodologically sound, although the absence of caregiver quality-of-life measures and outcomes related to activities of daily living is difficult to reconcile. An earlier 12-week study showed no improvement in caregiver quality of life with donepezil (4). As with most phase 3 studies, extrapolation of these results to routine practice is hampered by the fact that study populations are likely to be healthier than patients seen in routine clinical practice. Whether the results would be any different in a more heterogeneous population remains to be seen (6). 

Indeed, sustainability will be one of the main drivers for innovation in order to allow the technical industries to care for the well-being of consumers in a safe and healthy environment (Hofer and Bigorra, 2007). In this particular context, sustainability is defined as the design of human and industrial systems to ensure that humankind s use of natural resources and cycles does not lead to a diminished quality of life owing to either losses in future economic opportunities or adverse impacts on social conditions, human health, and the environment (Thomas, 2003). These requirements reflect that social conditions, economic opportunity, and environmental quality are essential if society s development goals are to reconcile with... 

A simultaneously physical, psychical, and topographical realm, the dacha world exists as a dimension that is fully present to its inhabitants, a point underscored in dachniki s observations that they felt more alive, more attuned to the world around them, and more human at their dachas. How, then, can this notion of presentism and immediacy be reconciled with the perception that dachas, and leisure life more generally, belong to a dimension that is set apart from everyday life In actuality, these two perspectives are not mutually exclusive but constitute another paradoxical feature of dachas. Specifically, it is these distancing tactics that foster the construction of the dacha world as an enchanted place— another planet. The values and qualities that are believed to characterize the dacha world derive directly from rhetorical tactics that locate it elsewhere, in a state of excep-tionalism separate from the banalities of everyday life. 

Russians ambivalence about dachas raises intriguing questions about what makes them ascribe such different qualities to their summer retreats and how they reconcile these differences. The reason Russians most frequently cite for pursuing this lifestyle is their conviction that life in nature is more peaceful and relaxing than ordinary life, especially when that ordinary life is characterized by formal work schedules and apartment living. Repeatedly, respondents informed me that the reason they liked going to their dachas was because one can live well (zhit khorosho) there. A conversation among several Nadezhda residents captured this sentiment nicely ... 

Although Macquer did not utilize Boerhaave s conception of instruments, he took the four elements not as quality-bearing, elusive principles, but as material bodies subject to experimental control. The ramifications of Boerhaave s efforts to reconcile the chemical and the physical properties of four elements become obvious in Macquer s discussion. Air was the fluid that we respired. It surrounded the globe. It was susceptible to condensation and rarefaction caused by heat or cold (that is, by the presence or absence of the parts of fire). This gave it elas-... 

Quality control is performed at the moment of data entry, in particular with respect to errors present in publications. Chemical structures are checked for structural consistency by matching the molecular weight (MW) and chemical formula with the ones available in the Experimental section and/or Supporting Information - whenever available, and by comparison to prior publications. Whenever in doubt, we also use other sources, such as the Merck Index [25] and free Internet resources. In the instances where external and literature data cannot be reconciled, SciFinder [1] is also used. The error rate so far in medicinal chemistry publications is not at all negligible We find an average of approximately two errors per publication in all the 6791 papers indexed in WOMBAT 2006.1. Given the median of 25 compounds per series, this implies an overall error rate of 8%. These errors are distributed as follows [26] ... 

For each batch of bulk products, the calculated yield shall reconcile with its actual yield. If significant difference exists, the cause must be investigated, and it shall not be authorized to further processing until an adequate explanation can be found and no potential risk to quality can be confirmed. 

---