Convulsive seizures

Convulsive seizures, headache, nausea, and peripheral neuropathy (numbness and tingling of the extremities) have been reported with the use of metronidazole... 

Similarly, convulsive seizures and a sustained epileptic state persisted after stomach contents were pumped and activated charcoal and anticonvulsive medication were administered in a 43-year-old man who ingested approximately 260 mg/kg endosulfan (Boereboom et al. 1998). At 4 days after exposure, the man was pronounced brain dead, and autopsy revealed cerebral hernia from massive cerebral edema. Eight additional accidental and/or intentional cases of acute poisoning with endosulfan resulting in adverse neurological effects have been reported in more recent studies, six by Blanco-Coronado et al. (1992), one by Lo et al. (1995), and one by Pradhan et al. (1997) two out of the eight resulted in death. Tonic-clonic convulsions were seen in the Blanco-Coronado et al. (1992) cases, whereas Lo et al. (1995) reported the development of muscle fasciculations and episodes of convulsions in their case. In the case reported by Pradhan et al. (1997), the patient had consumed about 75 mL of hquid endosulfan (35% w/v). In this case, in addition to tonic-clonic seizures and myoclonic jerks, the patient developed... 

Epilepsy A neurologic disorder characterized by recurring motor, sensory, or psychic malfunction with or without loss of consciousness or convulsive seizures. 

It is indicated for use as monotherapy or adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in adults and as monotherapy and adjunctive therapy for partial seizures in patients as young as 4 years of age. It is also a potential first-line drug for patients with primary, generalized convulsive seizures. 

Phenytoin is a first-line AED for primary generalized convulsive seizures and for partial seizures. Its place in therapy will be reevaluated as more experience is gained with the newer AEDs. 

Young calves fed multiple doses of heptachlor (2.5, 5, or 10 mg/kg/day for 15, 6, and 3 days, respectively) or heptachlor epoxide (2.5 and 3.5, or 15 mg/kg/day for 3 and 5 days, respectively) had muscle spasms in the head and neck region, convulsive seizures, elevated body temperatures, and engorged brain blood vessels (Buck et al. 1959). 

Whereas benzodiazepines possessing agonist activity indirectly augment chloride permeability, inverse agonists exert an opposite action. These substances give rise to pronounced restlessness, excitement, anxiety, and convulsive seizures. There is, as yet, no therapeutic indication for their use. 

In male rats the LC50 was 7 500 ppm for a single 8-hour exposure there was prostration followed by convulsive seizures at autopsy there was pulmonary hemorrhage. Rats exposed 6 hours/day, 5 days/week for 4 weeks to concentrations greater than 600 ppm had respiratory and ocular irritation and anemia. In another study rats repeatedly exposed to 665 ppm for 7 hours daily developed pulmonary inflammation, and there were minor changes in the liver and kidneys in some animals. ... 

Once aldrin is absorbed, it is rapidly metabolized to dieldrin. In a study of five workers exposed to concentrations of aldrin of up to 8.5mg/m who had suffered convulsive seizures or myoclonic limb movements, the probable concentration of dieldrin in the blood during intoxication ranged from 16 to 62 pg/lOOg of blood in healthy workers the concentration of dieldrin ranged up to 22 pg/lOOg of blood. ... 

Exposure of three firefighters to unknown but very high vapor concentrations was characterized by disorientation, headache, nausea, and irritation of the eyes and throat. Two of the three became comatose one had convulsive seizures, and the other had respiratory arrest from which he was resuscitated. Recovery was slow but complete. Some effects may have been due to the inhalation of thermal decomposition products. 

In humans, the onset of symptoms is frequently delayed for 24—48 hours after exposure dizziness, headache, and nausea are common other symptoms of mild intoxication include light-headedness, drowsiness, incoordination, and fatigue more severe intoxication results in tremor, localized muscle spasms, and convulsive seizures. " Muscle spasm usually subsides after 24 hours, whereas light-headedness and fatigue may remain for up to 3 days. ... 

Exposure of rabbits to 56 ppm for 6 hours was fatal effects included dyspnea, coarse movements of the head, weakness, rigid hindquarters, absence of eye reflexes, and convulsive seizures. By percutaneous application, the rabbit LDso was 113mg/kg. The hazard from skin absorption is considered to be high. ... 

Goldie I Can xylene (xylol) provoke convulsive seizures Ind Med Surg 29 33-35, 1960... 

Anticonvulsant As adjunctive therapy in the management of partial seizures (clorazepate) adjunctively in status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures (diazepam IV) adjunctively in convulsive disorders (diazepam oral). Preoperative For preoperative apprehension and anxiety (chlordiazepoxide, diazepam IV) prior to cardioversion for the relief of anxiety and tension and to diminish patient s recall (diazepam IV) adjunctively prior to endoscopic procedures for apprehension, anxiety, or acute stress reactions and to diminish patient s recall (diazepam) ... 

Status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures The IV route is preferred administer slowly. Use the IM route if IV administration is impossible. Administer 5 to 10 mg initially repeat if necessary at 10 to 15 minute intervals up to maximum dose of 30 mg. If necessary, repeat therapy in 2 to 4 hours. A dose of 0.2 to 0.5 mg/kg every 15 to 30 minutes for 2 to 3 doses (maximum dose, 30 mg). 

Usual effective dose range is 200 to 300 mg/day. If no response is seen at 300 mg, increase dosage, depending upon tolerance, to 400 mg/day. Hospitalized patients refractory to antidepressant therapy and who have no history of convulsive seizures may have dosage cautiously increased up to 600 mg/day in divided doses. 

Parenteral Adjunct in status epilepticus and severe recurrent convulsive seizures. Rectal For selected, refractory patients on stable regimens of anti-epileptic agents who require intermittent use of diazepam to control bouts of increased seizure activity. 

Adverse reactions occurring in at least 3% of patients include restlessness drowsiness fatigue lassitude akathisia dizziness anxiety dystonia insomnia headache myoclonus confusion convulsive seizures hallucinations nausea bowel disturbances, primarily diarrhea. 

CNS CNS effects including convulsions, increased intracranial pressure, and toxic psychosis have been reported with nalidixic acid therapy. Convulsive seizures have been reported with other drugs in this class. Quinolones also may cause CNS stimulation, which may lead to confusion, hallucinations, light-headedness, restlessness, and tremor. Therefore, use nalidixic acid with caution in patients with known or suspected CNS disorders (eg, cerebral arteriosclerosis, epilepsy) or other factors that predispose to seizures. If these reactions occur in patients receiving... 

Neurologic effects Convulsive seizures and peripheral neuropathy, the latter characterized mainly by numbness or paresthesia of an extremity, have been reported in patients treated with nitroimidazole drugs including tinidazole and metronidazole. The appearance of abnormal neurologic signs demands the prompt discontinuation of tinidazole therapy. Administer tinidazole with caution to patients with central nervous system diseases. 

Fatalities. Extract of the roasted seed, administered rectally to a 37-year-old woman with breast cancer after radical mastectomy and chemotherapy at a dose of 0.95 L/person four times daily, was active. Death was attributed to fluid and electrolyte imbalance. Sodium and chloride could not be detected. Extract of the roasted seed, administered rectally to a 46-year-old woman at a dose of 10-12 coffee enemas, three to four an hour, produced convulsive seizures and eventually death Decoction of the dark-roasted seed, on agar plate, was active on Staphylococcus aureus, with lethal doscjo of 16 mg/mL. Concentrations of 23, 35, and 40 mg/mL, were active on Escherichia coli. Decoction of the medium-roasted seed at concentrations of 29, 41, 50, and 52 mg/mL, were active on Escherichia coli. Decoction of the light-roasted seed at concentrations of 40, 46, 50, and 57 mg/mL, were active on Escherichia coli. Decoction of the roasted seed, on agar plate at concentrations of 28... 

It is used in prophylactic treatment of all varieties of partial epilepsy whether or not seizure becomes secondarily generalised. It is also used in prophylactic treatment of generalised convulsive seizures and treatment of status epilepticus prophylactic management of certain forms of supraventricular cardiac arrhythmia as it has an ability to selectively inhibit high frequency firing prophylactic management of certain... 

Headache, giddiness, neuromuscular hyperirritability, convulsive seizures... 

The disease takes two different forms depending apparently on whether ergotoxin, the alkaloid in ergot, attacks predominantly the nervous or the circulatory system. The former condition is characterized by severe convulsive seizures the latter produces an intense burning and itching of the skin called St. Anthony s Fire. 

Symptoms of dehciency include convulsive seizures, depression and confusion, itchy, scaling skin, red tongue, weight loss. 

At very high doses (over 15 mg), PCP produces some dangerous physical effects, including coma, convulsions, seizures, and an extremely high fever (up to 108°F), which can cause liver, kidney, or brain damage. Very high or low blood pressure and irregular heartbeats also pose a threat to the abuser. 

Edwards JG, Glen-Bott M. Mianserin and convulsive seizures. Br J Clin Pharmacol 1983 15(Suppl 2) 299S-311S. 

---