Stachybotrys atra

Dermally hazardous cytotoxins obtained from various molds and fungi (Stachybotrys atra, Myrothecium sp.). They are colorless, crystalline solids that are heat stable and can be stored for long periods. 

M. A. Jermyn, The action of the P-glucosidase of Stachybotrys atra p-nitrophenyl quinovoside, Aust. 

G. M. Aerts, O. Van Opstal, and C. K. De Bruyne, Mixed inhibition of P-D-glucosidase from Stachybotrys atra by substrate analogues, Carbohydr. Res., 138 (1985) 127-134. 

Etzel, R. A., Montana, E., Sorensen, W. G., Kullman, G. J., Allan, T. M., and Dearborn, D. G. (1998). Acute pulmonary hemorrhage in infants associated with exposure to Stachybotrys atra and other fungi. Arch. Pediutr. Adolesc. Med. 152, 757-762. 

Stachybotryotoxicosis Stachybotrys atra (Various macrocyclic trichothecenes)... 

Another disease, termed stachybotryotoxicosis, caused the death of thousands of horses in the Soviet Union prior to World War II and was attributed to contamination of straw and hay with the fungus Stachybotrys atra. 

Nikulin M, Pasanen AL, Beig S, Hintikka EL Stachybotrys atra growth and toxin production in some building materials and fodder under different relative humidities. Appl Environ Microbiol 1994 60 3421-3424. 

Martin J. P. and Haider K. (1969) Phenolic polymers of Stachybotrys Atra Strachybotrys Chartarum and Epicoccum Nigrum in relation to humic acid formation. Soil Sci. 107(4), 260-270. 

Stachybotrys atra (235). An intracellular enzyme from this fungus, which released glucose as the sole product from / -l,4-oligoglucosides up to CL 11 and was not inhibited by 1,5-gluconolactone (236), is apparently an exo-hydrolase. The / -l,4-glucosyl linkage in p-nitrophenyl-a-cellobioside was also hydrolyzed. 

Stachybotryotoxicosis has been reported among farm workers in Russia, Yugoslavia, and Hungary.38,39 This disease is caused by the presence of a mold, Stachybotrys atra (S alternans), on the hay fed to domestic animals. A macrocyclic trichothecene (satratoxin) produced by the Stachybotrys species of the mold may be in part responsible for this toxicosis.40 The only literature citation on apparent human cases of stachybotryotoxicosis in the United States occurred in people living in a water-damaged house with a heavy infestation of S atra.41... 

Stachybotrys atra, S. altemans and 5. chartarum are synonymous 238) and S. atra is used. Trichoderma lignorum is equated with T. viride 239). 

Trichodiene (49 Scheme 1) has been detected as a volatile product of Monascus purpureus and of Stachybotrys atra, but the trichothecene relatives (Table 8), including, possibly, the loukacinols (see note c), are essentially products of Fusarium spp. and T. roseum. 

Jarvis BB, Lee Y-W, Comezoglu SN, Yatawara CS (1986) Trichothecenes Produced by Stachybotrys atra from Eastern Europe. Appl Environ Microbiol 51 915... 

Eppley RM, Mazzola EP, Highet RJ, Bailey WJ (1977) Structure of Satratoxin H, a Metabolite of Stachybotrys atra. Application of Proton and Carbon-13 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. J Org Chem 42 240... 

S. Bata A, Harrach B, Ujszaszi K, Kis-Tamas A, Lasztity R (1985) Macrocyclic Trichothecene Toxins Produced by Stachybotrys atra Strains Isolated in Middle Europe. Appl Environ Microbiol 49 678... 

An induced -D-glucosidase from Stachybotrys atra has been purified and was found to be different from the constititive jS-D-glucosidase. The enzyme (mol. wt. 6.55—6.90 x 10 , pH optimum 6.7 p/4.8) contained carbohydrate... 

An induced molecular species from Stachybotrys atra displayed jS-D-thio-glucosidase, jS-D-glucosidase, and jS-o-xylosidase activities. ... 

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