Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections caused

Carbenicillin cures serious infections caused by Pseudomonas species and Proteus strains resistant to ampiciUin. It is not absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore must be administered intraperitoneally. Carbenicillin indanyl is acid stable and hence can be given orally. TicarcilUn is four times more potent than carbenicillin in treating a Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, and aziociUin is ten times more potent than carbenicillin against Pseudomonas. Mezlocillin and piperacillin are more active against Klebsiella infection than carbenicillin. 

Pefloxacin (33) is the N-methyl analogue of norfloxacin (58) and is at least partly converted to it by metabolic enzymes in vivo. It has been launched in France for the treatment of a number of infections including those caused by sensitive strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It can be synthesized starting with the Gould-Jacobs reaction of 3-chloro-4-fluoroaniline (28) and diethyl ethoxymethylenemalonate in an addition-elimination sequence leading to 29 which undergoes... 

Meropenem (Merrem IV) inhibits syndiesis of die bacterial cell wall and causes die deadi of susceptible cells. This drug is used for intra-abdominal infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and odier susceptible organisms Meropenem also is effective against bacterial meningitis caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Hemophilus influenzae. 

Synergistic combinations may produce better results in infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, in certain infections caused by Enterococcus spp. 

The urinary pathogens in complicated or nosocomial infections may include E. coli, which accounts for less than 50% of these infections, Proteus spp., Klebsiella pneumoniae, Enterobacter spp., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococci, and enterococci. Candida spp. have become common causes of urinary infection in the critically ill and chronically catheterized patient. 

Respiratory tract infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with the secretion of exotoxin A by this organism. What effect will this toxin most likely have on. eukaryotic cells ... 

A 1-year-old toddler with cystic fibrosis (CF) is seen by his physician for an upper respiratory infection with Pseudomonas aeruginosa. He is started on oral norfloxacin and referred to a CF center as i potential candidate for gene therapy. Prior genetic testing of the patient identified the mutation causing cystic fibrosis as a 3-base-pair deletion in esan 10 of the CF gene. The nucleotide sequences f codons 506-511 in this region of the normal and mutant alleles are compared below. 

Eye infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa are associated with severe complications. 

Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are all microorganisms that can cause otitis media. Enterobius vermicularis is a threadworm leading to an infection characterised by itchy anus and the presence of white worms. 

Intra-abdominal infections Complicated appendicitis and peritonitis caused by viridans group streptococci, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacterioides fragilis, Bacterioides thetaiotaomicron, and Peptostreptococcus sp. 

Urinary tract infections Urinary tract infections (complicated and uncomplicated), including pyelonephritis and cystitis (initial and recurrent) caused by Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsiella oxytoca, Citrobacter sp., and Serratia marcescens. 

Levofloxacin (1), the levo-isomer or the (5)-enantiomer of ofloxacin, received FDA approval in 1996 (Fish, 2003 Hurst et al., 2002 Mascaretti, 2003 Norrby, 1999 North et al., 1998). The initial approval covered community-acquired pneumonia, acute bacterial exacerbation of chronic bronchitis, acute maxillary sinusitis, uncomplicated skin and skin structure infections, acute pyelonephritis, and complicated urinary tract infections (North et al., 1998). Four years later, the levofloxacin indication list grew to include community-acquired pneumonia caused by penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae. In addition, in 2002, nosocomial (hospital-acquired) pneumonia caused by methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Serratia marcescens, Haemophilus influenzae, Kliebsella pneumoniae, and Escherichia coli was added (Hurst et al., 2002). Finally in 2004, LVX was approved as a post-exposure treatment for individuals exposed to Bacillus anthracis, the microbe that causes anthrax, via inhalation (FDA, 2004). 

Risk factors in the host can give a clue for the causative pathogen e.g. Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (COPD) - Haemophilus, alcoholism - Klebsiella, HIV - Pneumocystis. The immunocompromised host is also at increased risk for certain fungal (Aspergillus) and viral infections (cytomegalovirus or CMV). Pseudomonas aeruginosa is frequently involved in exacerbations of cystic tibrosis. 

The fluoroquinolones represent an important therapeutic advance and are extremely useful agents. They are important for the treatment of Gram-negative urinary tract infections, especially those from sulfa-resistant strains of E. coli, and for the treatment of serious hacterial infections such as those caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. On the basis of microbiological considerations, the fluoroquinolones may be further subdivided into three groups ... 

Other infections caused by E. coli, K. pneumoniae, Enterobacter, Salmonella typhi, N. gonorrhoeae, N. meningitidis, H. influenzae, H. ducreyi, Shilgella, Vibrio cholerae. Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Staph, aureus etc. 

It is a penicillinase susceptible and is principally indicated for serious infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is effective against certain other gram negative bacilli including Proteus species and Bacteroides fragilis. 

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