Principal indices

Sulfate concentration in streams and changes over time are discussed later in this article as one of the principal indices of human influences on stream water composition. Also, it will be shown that differences and similarities ia sulfate yields help in attaining a reasonable perspective on the importance of various hydrologic and geochemical characteristics of individual drainage systems. 

Generic name Chemical structure Mode of administration Principal indication Other indications... 

It is a penicillinase susceptible and is principally indicated for serious infection caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is effective against certain other gram negative bacilli including Proteus species and Bacteroides fragilis. 

Dispersion. The principal refractive indices of a crystal vary in magnitude with the frequency of light and in crystals of monoclinic or triclinic symmetry, the vibration directions of the principal indices may vary with frequency. Such variation is known as dispersion. 

Crushing has been recommended as a primary method because it is safe and will lead to the determination of the principal refractive indices of any crystalline substance, provided a sufficient number of randomly oriented fragments is observed it is a beginner s method. But the more experienced worker may often dispense with it, when the crystals being examined have a well-defined polyhedral shape. If the relation between crystal shape and optical properties is properly understood, it is possible to determine the principal indices by a limited number of observations on crystals selected because they lie in such positions that they necessarily show their principal indices. 

Crystals which appear to possess one twofold axis, or one plane of symmetry, or both (the twofold axis b being normal to the plane of symmetry) are probably monoclinic if so, crystals lying with their presumed b axes parallel to the microscope slide will show extinction parallel to this b axis, and the refractive index for this vibration direction is one of the principal refractive indices. The other two principal indices will be shown by crystals lying with their b axes along the line of vision for this aspect of the crystal, extinction is not parallel to a principal edge or to the bisector of edge angles, f... 

For organic substances, the available information has been collected and arranged by Winchell (1954). For some substances the only refractive indices which have been recorded are those given by crystals lying on their principal faces these are not, of course, always principal indices, but they may be equally useful for identification purposes. Such information is included in Wincheil a tables. 

General Category Bisphosphonates Examples Alendronate (Fosamax) Etidronate (Didronel) Ibandronate (Boniva) Pamidronate (Aredia) Risedronate (Actonel) Treatment Rationale and Principal Indications Appear to block excessive bone resorption and formation is used to normalize bone turnover in conditions such as osteoporosis and Paget disease, and to prevent hypercalcemia resulting from excessive bone resorption in certain forms of cancer... 

Generic Name Acyclovir Trade Name(s) Zovirax Principal Indication(s) Treatment of initial and recurrent herpesvirus infections (especially herpes simplex-related infections]... 

Drug Acetic acid Principal Indication(s) Calcific tendinitis Treatment Rationale Acetate is believed to increase solubility of calcium deposits in tendons and other soft tissues Iontophoresis 2°/o-5°/o aqueous solution from negative pole Phonophoresis... 

Drug Iodine Principal Indication(s) Adhesive capsulitis and other soft-tissue adhesions microbial infections Treatment Rationale Iodine is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, hence its use in infections, etc. the scle-rolytic actions of iodine are not fully understood Iontophoresis 5°/o-10°/o solution or ointment from negative pole Phonophoresis 10% ointment... 

Dihydromorphinone is used in the same manner as morphine for the relief of pain but in much smaller doses — usually 1 to 2 mg. For cough, a dose about half that size is used. Administered orally, dihydromorphinone, is more effective than morphine, and it may also be administered in a rectal suppository. It is principally indicated for acute pain of short duration. 

In practice, this integral is performed on a digital computer using a measured spectrum of R versus o>, the frequency of electromagnetic radiation. The index of refraction of anisotropic solids is described by a biaxial in-dicatrix. In triclinic crystals the indicatrix is a triaxial ellipsoid formed by three principal axes of the length 2na, 2np, and 2ny which lie along the X, Y, and Z optical directions, respectively. na, np, and ny are the three principal indices of refraction (na < < ny). For absorbing crystals the... 

Some nucleophilic substitution reactions that seem to involve a borderline mechanism actually do not. Thus, one of the principal indications that a borderline mechanism is taking place has been the finding of partial racemization and partial inversion. However, Weiner and Sneen have demonstrated that this type of stereochemical behavior is quite consistent with a strictly Sn2 process. These workers studied the reaction of optically active 2-octyl brosylate in 75% aqueous dioxane, under which conditions inverted 2-octanol was obtained in 77% optical purity. When... 

The principal indication for tranexamic acid is to prevent the hyperplasminaemic bleeding state that results from damage to certain tissues rich in plasminogen activator, e.g. after prostatic surgery, tonsillectomy, uterine cervical conisation, and... 

It may indeed be necessary to postpone the transplantation or to bridge the period prior to the transplantation owing to ascites factors or other particular difficulties, including the absence of a suitable liver transplant. To this end, the peritoneovenous shunt and TIPS are suitable temporary operative steps. Indeed, it is these techniques which actually make subsequent liver transplantation possible. Thus PVS and TIPS are principally indicated if it is not (or not yet) possible to carry out a liver transplantation. 

Reproductive success is certainly another measure of the health of an organism and is the principal indicator of the Darwinian fitness of an organism. In a laboratory situation it clearly is possible to measure fecundity and the success of offspring in their maturation. In nature these parameters may be very difficult to measure accurately. Many factors other than pollution can lead to poor reproductive success. Secondary effects, such as the impact of habitat loss on zooplankton populations essential for fry feeding, will be seen in the depression or elimination of the young age classes. 

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