Proteomics techniques

Two features of expression profiling make it the most productive approach to study biological systems for the immediate future. First, the present efficiency with which investigators can obtain global and quantitative information with DNA arrays exceeds that of proteomic techniques. Second, RNA expression profiles provide an extremely precise and reproducible signature of the state of the cell that probably reflects albeit indirectly, the functional state of all proteins (Young, 2000, p. 13)-... 

McAtee CP et al. Characterization of a Helicobacter pylori vaccine candidate by proteome techniques. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 1998 714 325-333. 

Much of the information about proteomics techniques and technologies included here comes from the Chembytes ezine article written by Michael Dunn and available in 2001 on the website http //www.chemsoc.org/chembytes/ezine/1998/ dunn.htm. The first requirement for proteome analysis, also known as protein... 

Soumita Ghosh is a postdoctoral researcher in the Diabetes section in National Institute on Aging, Baltimore. She is involved in developing targeted proteomics technique for cannabinoid proteins. During her PhD., she worked in field of NMR metabolomics of murine cerebral malaria. She obtained her doctoral degree from Tata Institute of Fundamental Research in 2013. She obtained her MSc from IIT Kharagpur in 2008 and BSc from Calcutta university in 2006. 

Global proteomic techniques are used for biological problems for which no molecular entry point is known. The idea is that changes in a cellular system can be understood better by analyzing its entire protein content quantitatively. The main analytical tools are a global and quantitative protein display and mass spectrometry to characterize the proteins that were identified for showing relevant quantitative changes. 

Pathological conditions are also linked to posttranslational modifications such as oxidized histidine residues found in P-amyloid protein of Alzheimer s patients, or conformational variants in the case of prion-induced encephalopathies. The development of sensitive MS tools and proteomics techniques is playing an active role in the precise description of these mechanisms.97,98... 

There are several important advantages RPMAs have over antibody arrays and other proteomic techniques such as immunohis-tochemistry or tissue arrays. Antibody arrays usually require a second specific antibody, made in a different species, for each captured protein to be visualized in a manner analogous to enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA). Therefore, it becomes difficult to simultaneously optimize the antibody-antigen hybridization conditions for so many antibodies at once present on antibody arrays while minimizing nonspecific cross-reactivity and ensuring that proteins over a wide range of concentrations can be quantitated in a linear fashion (14). Antibody arrays also consume or require much higher inputs of protein than reverse phase arrays. With antibody arrays. 

What can be expected from the future The cultivation of isolated hematopoietic cells will benefit from the identification of new cytokines, making the use of stromal-conditioned medium unnecessary. The recent development of proteomics techniques will expediate this process. The prospects of the co-cultivation will depend on the development of human stromal cell lines supporting the expansion of early progenitor cells, and the membrane approach has to prove its potential on a clinical scale. 

Revisit the need for rat serum as the culmre medium. Characterize rat serum using modern proteomic techniques (e.g., MALDT mass spectrometry) to identify serum factors essential to normal in vitro embryonic growth and development. 

In the postgenome era, proteomics has attracted much more attention due to its potential in understanding biological functions and structures at the protein level. The increased possibility of screening using proteomic techniques provides more comprehensive overview of the interaction of proteins, the interplay among processes, and the context in which a specific molecule or pathway may be operating in the mechanism of action of different antioxidants. 

Pappa, E. C., Robertson, J. A., Rigby, N. M., Mellon, F., Kandarakis, I., and Mills, E. N. C. (2008). Application of proteomic techniques to protein and peptide profiling of Teleme cheese made from different types of milk. Int. Dairy J. 18, 605-614. 

A promising recent approach for understanding the biologic effects of biomaterials is the use of modern proteomics approaches. Such techniques have been used for the purpose of measuring protein expression profiles of macrophages (cultured on different biomaterials) to learn more about biocompatibility. Proteomics techniques were able to demonstrate that different types of polyurethane materials led to different intracellular and structural protein expression profiles.73... 

Proteomics and its possible applications for assessment of allergenicity of food products are described by Bannon et al. (2008), who draw attention to the fact that reproducibility of results obtained though proteomic techniques need to be improved by introducing more precise definitions of the parameters of technical determinations. Nonetheless, proteomics provides high-throughput methods for detection and characterization of proteins. 

Proteomic Techniques for the Study of Allelopathic Stress Produced by Some Mexican Plants on Protein Patterns of Bean and Tomato Roots... 

Comparison of global patterns of protein expression can be achieved in cell lines through the use of cDNA microarray and proteomic techniques. This approach has provided in-depth information on the impact of HPV-16 E6 on gene expression and served as a valuable resource for investigation of the biochemical basis of uterine cervical carcinogenesis. In three cases (CDK5, Bak, and I-TRAF), expression was matched in both analyses of cDNA microarrays and proteomics [113]. 

Caputo E, Lombardi ML, Luongo V, Moharram R, Tornatore P, Pirozzi G, et al. Peptide profiling in epithelial tumor plasma by the emerging proteomic techniques. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2005 819(1) 59—66. 

H. Zeng, Genomic and proteomic techniques and their application in selenium research, Curr. Pharmacogenom., 1 (2003), 59-65. 

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