Protection considerations, personnel

Each vault housing a pressure-limiting, pressure-relief, or pressure-regulating station shall be examined to determine its condition each time the equipment is examined and tested in accordance with para. GR-5.23.3. For any vault which personnel enter, the atmosphere shall be tested for combustible gas. If the atmosphere is hazardous, the cause shall be determined. The vault shall be examined for adequate ventilation. The condition of the vault covers shall be carefully examined for hazards. Unsatisfactory conditions disclosed shall be corrected. No welding maybe done if a combustible gas mixture is present. Maintenance work performed in the vault shall be in accordance with procedures developed per para. GR-5.23.3, with particular consideration given to the monitoring of the atmosphere and safety protection for personnel in the vault. 

On an industrial scale, operations are commonly carried out by remote control (Ref 10) and the considerations of quantity-distance (Ref 48) and barrier design (Refs 13 75) apply. On a lab scale, remote weighing, mixing and pressing are usually not practical, and the protection of personnel must take the form of shielding for eyes, face and hands, as well as thru protection for the hair and the choice of suitable clothing. 

Some detection methods, such as a physical search, offer a high probability of identifying the presence of an explosive but suffer from being invasive and time-consuming techniques that can also place personnel in harm s way if the explosive is detonated. Other methods result in a somewhat lower probability of detection but are non-invasive and less time-consuming and offer some standoff protection for personnel. The choice of methods is a decision for the end-user and depends on a variety of considerations. These considerations include ... 

Design Criteria for Mobile Ammunition Surveillance Shop Including Personnel Protection Consideration... 

The ready identification of rooms, clearly marked signs and the removal of any obstacles to the free movement of site personnel in passageways should be ensured for the protection of personnel, mainly by decreasing the duration of exposures during safety related actions under accident conditions. These factors should be taken into consideration and dealt with appropriately at the design stage. 

Provision of efficient drift eliminators of water cooling towers consideration of replacement by air cooling systems. Thermal insulation to protect personnel from contact with hot or cold surfaces prevention of water supply disruption by freezing. 

The latter part of this chapter has dealt with the design considerations for a sacrificial anode cathodic protection system. It has outlined the important parameters and how each contributes to the overall design. This is only an introduction and guide to the basic principles cathodic protection design using sacrificial anodes and should be viewed as such. In practice the design of these systems can be complex and can require experienced personnel. 

In the design of explosive facilities, two major considerations are of paramount importance controlling the conditions which can lead to a premature initiation of energetic materials, and providing the maximum degree of personnel and property protection. 

It is important that personnel understand how to achieve safe operation, but not at the exclusion of other important considerations, such as reliability, operability, and maintainability. The chemical industry has also found significant benefit to plant productivity and operability when SIS work processes are used to design and manage other instrumented protective systems (IPS), such as those mitigating potential economic and business losses. The CCPS book (2007) Guidelines for Safe and Reliable Instrumented Protective Systems discusses the activities and quality control measures necessary to achieve safe and reliable operation throughout the IPS lifecycle. 

National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) A voluntary membership agency to promote fire safety and allied considerations. NFPA publishes standards of interest to hazardous materials responders such as, NFPA-471 Recommended Practice for Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents, NFPA-472 Standard for Professional Competence of Responders to Hazardous Materials Incidents, and NFPA-473, Competencies for EMS Personnel Responding to Hazardous Materials Incidents. 

Exposed personnel will be removed immediately to an uncontaminated atmosphere. Personnel handling casualty cases will give consideration to their own safety and will take precautions and employ the prerequisite protective equipment to avoid becoming exposed themselves. 

Pumps handling flammable materials represent a significant potential for spill and subsequent fire. This is due to damage to seals and failures of other potential leak points. The first consideration in fire protection for pumps is their location relative to other equipment, vessels, process structures and buildings housing personnel, and key control or utility systems. When locating a pump, consideration should be given to the size, properties of material handled, temperature, and pressure. 

Develop and implement a plan of action, including safety considerations, consistent with Standard Operating Procedures and within the capability of the available personnel, personal protective equipment, and control equipment. 

Although few applications have so far been found for ceramic matrix composites, they have shown considerable promise for certain military applications, especially in the manufacture of armor for personnel protection and military vehicles. Historically, monolithic ("pure") ceramics such as aluminum oxide (Al203), boron carbide (B4C), silicon carbide (SiC), tungsten carbide (WC), and titanium diboride (TiB2) have been used as basic components of armor systems. Research has now shown that embedding some type of reinforcement, such as silicon boride (SiBg) or silicon carbide (SiC), can improve the mechanical properties of any of these ceramics. 

Calculations show that radiation risk for Zvezdochka personnel and Severodvinsk population under probable accidents in the process of Victor II dismantling is considerably less than individual risk limit given in Safety Protection Standards (5.Ox 10 and negligible risk (l.Ox 10 ). 

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