Personnel protection

Protective devices are often used to prevent contact of chemicals with the respiratory tract, eyes, skin, and digestive system. Foulger states that a safety program should be designed to prevent or minimize contact of chemicals (or materials that are injurious to health) with the body respiratory protective devices, safety glasses and shields, impermeable clothing, gloves, shoes, and masks must be made available 

Radiation sensors are now available for the detection of even the most nonluminous flames. These can be used to sound an alarm and actuate deluge systems if desired. At least one commercial unit also reveals the location of the flame by superimposing its image on a television monitor.  

Particularly hazardous operations are ordinarily conducted in remote barricaded areas both the operating personnel and others in the vicinity must be adequately protected. Reinforced concrete bunkers 

The General Safety Committee of the Manufacturing Chemists Association, Inc., Guide for Safety in the Chemical Laboratory, D. Van Nostrand Co., Inc., New York, 1954, pp. 1-6. 

National Safety Council, Accident Prevention Manual for Industrial Operations, National Safety Council, Chicago, 1959, Chapters 1-10. 

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Beneficiation faciUties require air and water pollution control systems, including efficient control of dust emissions, treatment of process water, and proper disposal of tailings (see AiRPOLLUTlON CONTROLMETHODS). In handling finished fluorspar, operators must avoid breathing fluorspar dust and contacting fluorspar with acids. Proper disposal of spills and the use of respirators and other personnel protective equipment must be observed. Contact with fluorspar may irritate the skin and eyes. 

Operator exposure Charge liquids and solids materials by means of a to fumes or inerts. closed system (e.g., hard piping, hopper and rotary airlock, screw feeder, double-dump valve system, etc.) Provide local ventilation Use proper personnel protective equipment (PPE) ACGIH 1986 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-23 CCPS G-29... 

Test material prior to filtering Use appropriate personnel protective equipment... 

Purge prior to opening or cleaning Use appropriate personnel protective equipment Use alternate closed filtering methods... 

Use appropriate personnel protective equipment Provide local air exhaust pickup points at filter... 

Manual operation Use alternate filtering methods places operator in, appropriate personnel protective equipment close proximity to potential hazards. Brandt 1992 CCPS G-15 CCPS G-22 CCPS G-31 Mecldenburgh 1985 NFPA1993... 

In-hazardous services plan for personnel protection in the event of seal leakage. 

The materizils in current use have limited resistance to the broad ranges of commonly spilled chemicetl solvents. In fact, no one suit material is known to resist attack by all chemicals. Rubber or polymeric materials eire all permeable to some degree but for some chemicals, there is no acceptable gairment available to provide adequate protection for the wearer. Consequently chemiczil response teams must rely on an inventory of suits constructed of different materials to provide adequate personnel protection. 

With powder activated earbon, in most cases, the carbon is dosed into the liquid, mixed and then removed by a filtration process. In some cases, two or more mixing steps are used to optimise the use of powder carbon. Powder activated carbon is used in a wide range of liquid phase applications and some specific gas phase applications such as Incinerator flue gas treatment and where it is bonded into filters sueh as fabrics for personnel protection. 

Using clear procedures to ensure wearing of appropriate safety equipment (avoid gray areas of interpretation). Avoid having complex criteria for determining the recommended personnel protective equipment (simple is easier to understand and to follow). 

Class I The Class I BSC provides personnel and environmental protection, but no product protection. It is similar in air movement to a chemical fume cupboard, but has a HEPA filter (see Chapter 9) in the exhaust system to protect the environment (Fig. 10.94). In the Class 1 BSC, unfiltered room air is drawn across the work surface. Personnel protection is provided by this inward air velocity as long as a minimum velocity of 0.37 m s" is maintained through the front opening (see the discussion on fume cupboards in Section 10.2.3.3). In many cases Class I BSCs are used specifically to enclose equipment. 

Class U The Class U (Types A, Bl, B2, and biological safety cabinets provide personnel, environmental, and product protection. Airflow is drawn around the operator, through the hood opening and into the front grill of the cabinet, which provides personnel protection, in addition, the downward flow of HEPA-filtered air provides product protection by minimizing the chance of cross-contamination along the work surface of the cabinet. Because cabinet air has passed through the exhaust HEPA filter, it... 

For exterior hoods, the measurement of capture velocity provides a quick check of the ideal design conditions. However, it must be remembered that capture velocity is not a direct measure of the ability of an exterior hood to provide personnel protection. Other efficiency measures are required in order to evaluate its performance in practice. The following two efficiency measurements could be useful capture efficiency and occupational hygiene efficiency. These measures complement each other. 

For enclosures, velocity measurements, in the plane of the opening, offer a quick check on the design conditions. Fiowever, the opening velocity is not a direct measure of the ability of an enclosure to provide personnel protection. Other measures of efficiency are required and depend on use of the enclosure. In the case of safety cabinets and laboratory hoods, allowance factors for protection and leakage are applied to ensure complete safety when in use. 

Typical Insulation For Personnel Protection (Ap icoble Hc t Surface Temperature Range (°F))... 

P—Personnel Protection QO—Quick Opening SG—Sample Protection SO—Steam Out TSO—Tight Shut Off VB—Vacuum Breaker... 

Note Ail hot insulated piping shall be coded, including piping insulated for personnel protection. Thickness is a function of insulation composition. 

Care must be taken to ensure that the criteria or methods used closely match the site-specific conditions under study. Failure to do so may result in early elimination of at-risk buildings from the analysis pool. Further, when standard criteria are being applied, care must be taken to ensure that the objective of the standard matches the intent of the study. A standard developed for equipment protection or loss prevention may not be appropriate for personnel protection. 

Building 5 is low occupancy and does not need to be considered for further evaluation, for the purposes of personnel protection. However, since Building 5 is critical to the long-term continued operation of the facility, the decision was made to keep it in the evaluation pool to see if business risks were created because of its location. 

Personnel Protection 36 Passageways, pedestrian traffic patterns vs. hazardous locations 37 SCBA/respirator locations accessibility on all shifts... 

Avoid contact with hot process lines and vessels. Most lines are insulated for personnel protection. 

This chapter of the book presents papers dealing with the identification and mitigation of potential hazards to personnel and facilities, with the development of personnel protection schemes and with the safe siting of facilities. 

Shields designed for accidental explosions only are designed to provide personnel protection from the MCI at that operation and may not, in all cases provide asset protection. 

Fire and explosion resistant materials and barriers for critical equipment or personnel protection should always be considered whenever petroleum operations are involved. They prolong or preserve the integrity of a facility critical features to ensure a safe and orderly evacuation and protection of the plant is accomplished. 

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