Prostate localization

Boffa L.C., Scarf S., Marian M.R., Dai40nte G, Allfrey V.G., Benatti U., Morris O. L. Dihydrotestosterone as a selective cellular/nuclear localization vector for anti-gene peptide nucleic acid in prostatic carcinoma cells. Cancer Res. 2000 60 2258-2262. 

Tartrate is a most widely used inhibitor of prostatic acid phenylphosphatase activity. With this inhibitor Bonner and associates detected five cases of unsuspected carcinoma of the prostate in 221 hospital patients and clarified the diagnoses in another four patients (98). Nonetheless, the diagnostic specificity of an elevated 1-tartrate inhibited activity is not absolute, as Fishman et. al found it elevated in 48 of 1,190 males without cancer. Whitmore and associates also observed this activity to be elevated in 3 of 20 patients with uncomplicated nodular hyperplasia (102). Hill compared the total versus the "prostatic" serum activities in 20 patients with localized untreated carcinoma of the prostate and observed... 

Hill, J. H. Prostatic serum acid phosphatase in patients with localized prostatic cancer. Am. J. Clin. Path. (1956), 26, 120-130. 

Kucuk, O. et al.. Effects of lycopene supplementation in patients with localized prostate cancer, Exp. Biol. Med. (Maywood), 227, 881, 2002. van Breemen, R.B. et al.. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry of cis- and all-trans-lycopene in human serum and prostate tissue after dietary supplementation with tomato sauce, J. Agric. Food Chem., 50, 2214, 2002. 

Previous local surgery/radiation Prostate surgery, lower abdominal cavity... 

Androgen ablation with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist plus an antiandrogen should be used prior to radiation therapy for patients with locally advanced prostate cancer to improve outcomes over radiation therapy alone. 

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is a useful marker for detecting prostate cancer at early stages, predicting outcome for localized disease, defining disease-free status, and monitoring response to... 

Secondary or salvage therapies for patients who progress after their initial therapy depend on what was used for initial management.26 For patients diagnosed initially with localized prostate cancer, radiotherapy can be used in the case of failed radical prostatectomy. Alternatively, androgen ablation can be used in patients who progress after either radiation therapy or radical prostatectomy. 

Wilt TJ, Brawer MK. Early intervention or expectant management for prostate cancer. The Prostate Cancer Intervention Versus Observation Trial (PIVOT) A randomized trial comparing radical prostatectomy with expectant management for the treatment of clinically localized prostate cancer. Semin Urol 1995 13 130-136. 

Increased diagnosis of prostate cancer is attributed in part to the increased utilization of PSA testing. In fact, the American Cancer Society (ACS) now recommends measurement of PSA in addition to digital rectal examinations (DREs) in men over 50 years of age. Early detection of clinically localized prostate cancer can potentially result in a cure with radical prostatectomy or other treatments. PSA tests are used to monitor therapeutic efficacy and detect recurrent disease in patients with prostate cancer. 

Liu, A, N Pajkovic, Y Pang, D Zhu, B Calamini, AL Mesecar, and RB van Breemen. 2006. Absorption and subcellular localization of lycopene in human prostate cancer cells. Mol Cancer Ther 5(11) 2879-2885. 

Ryan, CJ, CM Haqq, J Simko et al. 2007. Expression of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor in local and metastatic prostate cancer. Urol Oncol 2007(2) 134—140. 

MRP4 is an ubiquitously expressed transporter with highest expression in the prostate where it can be localized to the basolateral membrane of tubuloacinar cells [149]. Schuetz and colleagues [150] demonstrated that high copy number and overexpression of MRP4 in a human T-lymphoid cell line was associated with cytotoxic resistance and increased cell efflux of an acyclic nucleoside phosphonate drug PMEA. Furthermore, these cells were more resistant to nucleoside analog... 

A 75-year-old male, postprostatectomy for carcinoma of the prostate with local metastasis found during surgery would best be treated with which of the following ... 

Acute bacterial prostatitis High fever, chills, malaise, myalgia, localized pain (perineal, rectal, sacrococcygeal), frequency, urgency, dysuria, nocturia, and retention Chronic bacterial prostatitis Voiding difficulties (frequency, urgency, dysuria), low back pain, and perineal and suprapubic discomfort Physical examination... 

Prostate cancer is a malignant neoplasm that arises from the prostate gland. Prostate cancer has an indolent course localized prostate cancer is curable by surgery or radiation therapy but advanced prostate cancer is not yet curable. 

Locally invasive prostate cancer is associated with ureteral dysfunction or impingement, such as alterations in micturition (e.g., urinary frequency, hesitancy, dribbling). 

Radical prostatectomy and radiation therapy are generally considered equivalent for localized prostate cancer, and neither has been shown to be superior to observation alone. 

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