Proprietary Solvent Formulations

After image transfer, the patterned resist must be readily and completely removable without substrate damage. The pattern often can be stripped from the substrate with a mild organic solvent. Proprietary stripper formulations or plasma oxidation treatments are utilized when the imaging chemistry or image transfer process has iasolubilized the pattern. 

UCARSOL Series solvents Dow Chemical Company Proprietary amine formulations... 

This new formulation of electrolytes based on a mixture of EC with a linear carbonate set the main theme for the state-of-the-art lithium ion electrolytes and was quickly adopted by the researchers and manufacturers. Other linear carbonates were also explored, including DEC, ° ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), ° and propylmethyl carbonate (PMC), ° ° and no significant differences were found between them and DMC in terms of electrochemical characteristics. The direct impact of this electrolyte innovation is that the first generation carbonaceous anode petroleum coke was soon replaced by graphitic anode materials in essentially all of the lithium ion cells manufactured after 1993. At present, the electrolyte solvents used in the over one billion lithium ion cells manufactured each year are almost exclusively based on the mixture of EC with one or more of these linear carbonates, although each individual manufacture may have its own proprietary electrolyte formulation. 

These reagents in the presence of a solvent (such as pyridine, acetonitrile, dimethylformamide) rapidly effect trimethylsilylation, often at room temperature, of hydroxyl, amino, imino, amido, thiol and carboxyl groups whether in mono- or polyfunctional compounds. Frequently a sample of the reaction mixture may be loaded directly on to the g.l.c. column, although in some cases removal of the small amount of solvent which is present may improve subsequent analysis of the chromatographic trace. Proprietary reagent formulations are available from Pierce Chemical Co., pioneers in this field and publishers of detailed procedures suited to particular groups of compounds. 

The type of lubricant used may have a major effect on the volume resistivity of a cured epoxy. In one example, a conductive epoxy formulated with silver flakes using a thiol lubricant in a proprietary solvent showed consistently higher volume resistivity (4—5 orders of magnitude) than a similar composition where the silver flakes were coated with a fatty acid lubricant. ... 

Vertrel KCD-9548 and Vertrel KCD-9550 are two proprietary blends formulated as wipe solvents. Vertrel KCD-9548 is an azeotrope-like blend of Vertrel XF hydrofluorocarbon with cyclohexane and acetone, whereas Vertrel KCD-9550 is an azeotrope-like blend of Vertrel XF hydrofluorocarbon and acetone. Both solvents are ideally suited for use as a gross wipe solvent however, Vertrel KCD-9548 has a slight VOC compared with zero VOC for Vertrel KCD-9550. 

A classification by chemical type is given ia Table 1. It does not attempt to be either rigorous or complete. Clearly, some materials could appear ia more than one of these classifications, eg, polyethylene waxes [9002-88 ] can be classified ia both synthetic waxes and polyolefins, and fiuorosihcones ia sihcones and fiuoropolymers. The broad classes of release materials available are given ia the chemical class column, the principal types ia the chemical subdivision column, and one or two important selections ia the specific examples column. Many commercial products are difficult to place ia any classification scheme. Some are of proprietary composition and many are mixtures. For example, metallic soaps are often used ia combination with hydrocarbon waxes to produce finely dispersed suspensions. Many products also contain formulating aids such as solvents, emulsifiers, and biocides. 

Chemicals may be encountered as reactants, solvents, catalysts, inhibitors, as starting materials, finished products, by-products, contaminants, or off-specification products. They may vary from pure, single substances to complex proprietary formulations. 

For several years the bonding agents have consisted of proprietary polymer/solvent solutions, with a primer coat based on phenolic-style resins and a topcoat formed from solutions of polymers and other ingredients. The formulation of these materials is not disclosed, but much patent literature is available. Bond formation appears to be associated with the development of a very high modulus layer in the rubber immediately adjacent to the surface of the substrate. The thickness of the layer is of the order of 15 pm and... 

Becanse most pesticide formulations are proprietary and because until recently their components other than the active ingredient were not considered important from a health perspective, there is little published information available on the types and concentrations of organic solvents in pesticide for-mnlations. However, information from the literature and discussions with persons knowledgeable on pesticide formulations provides some insight into the identity of the solvents. Categorized according to functional group type, solvents that are representative of those used in pesticide formulations are listed in Table 6.5. 

WD-40 is a proprietary formula composed of aliphatic petroleum distillates, petroleum base oil, carbon dioxide, and other nonhazardous ingredients. In 1953, the Rocket Chemical Company set out to create a line of rust prevention solvents and degreasers for use in the aerospace industry. On the fortieth attempt, they succeeded in formulating an effective water-displacing/lubricating formula, which they called WD-40. This product worked so well that it was used to protect the outer skin of the Atlas Missile from oxidation. It worked so well that employees of Rocket Chemical would sneak out cans of the formula for use in their own homes. The company produced a consumer version of the product in 1958, and since then people have used WD-40 on virtually everything. 

Proprietary formulation of commercially available solvent exhibits high selectivity and capacity... 

Efforts to bond rubber to metal without the use of metal plating led to what is believed to be the first research efforts in surface preparation prior to adhesive bonding. Strong and durable bonds of rubber to metal were necessary for rubber shock mounts for automobiles in the late 1920s, but they were limited to proprietary formulations used on specific metals. In 1927 solvent-based thermoplastic rubber cements for metal-to-rubber bonding were prepared from rubber cyclized by treatment with sulfuric or other strong acids. With these rubber cements strong bonds could be made to either vulcanized or unvulcanized rubber. 

In addition, EC formulations were prepared using a few proprietary experimental herbicides, belonging to the protoporphyrinogen oxidase (PPO) inhibitors (Figure 10.7). Several safer solvents were tested and most formulations resulted in a generally increased efficacy, but only a select number of long-chained lactic acid esters were found to provide a significantly increased selectivity toward crops. 

---