Polyethylene wax

Rigid Applications. The use of the lead stabilizers is very limited in the United States but, they are stiU used in several rigid PVC appHcations in Europe and Asia. The highest use of lead stabilizers in rigid PVC is for pipe and conduit appHcations. Tribasic lead sulfate is the primary heat stabilizer with lead stearates included to provide lubrication. The lead products are typically fully formulated, usually including lubricants and pigments for pipe extmsion appHcations. These lead one-packs, when used at about 1.8—2.5 phr, provide all of the stabilizer and lubrication needed to process the polymer. A lead one-pack contains tribasic lead sulfate, dibasic lead stearate calcium stearate, polyethylene wax, paraffin wax, ester wax, and pigments. 

Liquid poHshes and waxes containing 10 wt % or more petroleum distillates must be contained in childproof packaging (61). General experience indicates that natural waxes and polyethylene waxes are nontoxic (62). Although nonsolvent floor poHshes are relatively nontoxic, concern for floor waxes continues to be sHp-resistance (63,64). 

A classification by chemical type is given ia Table 1. It does not attempt to be either rigorous or complete. Clearly, some materials could appear ia more than one of these classifications, eg, polyethylene waxes [9002-88 ] can be classified ia both synthetic waxes and polyolefins, and fiuorosihcones ia sihcones and fiuoropolymers. The broad classes of release materials available are given ia the chemical class column, the principal types ia the chemical subdivision column, and one or two important selections ia the specific examples column. Many commercial products are difficult to place ia any classification scheme. Some are of proprietary composition and many are mixtures. For example, metallic soaps are often used ia combination with hydrocarbon waxes to produce finely dispersed suspensions. Many products also contain formulating aids such as solvents, emulsifiers, and biocides. 

Some by-product polyethylene waxes have been recently introduced. The feedstock for these materials are mixtures of low molecular weight polyethylene fractions and solvent, generaHy hexane, produced in making polyethylene plastic resin. The solvent is stripped from the mixture, and the residual material offered as polyethylene wax. The products generaHy have a wider molecular weight distribution than the polyethylene waxes synthesised directly, and are offered to markets able to tolerate that characteristic. Some of the by-product polyethylene waxes are distHled under vacuum to obtain a narrower molecular weight distribution. 

Functional polyethylene waxes provide both the physical properties obtained by the high molecular weight polyethylene wax and the chemical properties of an oxidised product, or one derived from a fatty alcohol or acid. The functional groups improve adhesion to polar substrates, compatibHity with polar materials, and dispersibHity into water. Uses include additives for inks and coatings, pigment dispersions, plastics, cosmetics, toners, and adhesives. 

DistHlation is then used to separate the hydrocarbons into different products, including Hquid fuels and waxes with melting points ranging from about 45—106°C. Currently the waxes are produced in large volumes in South Africa and Malaysia, with an estimated 12,000—14,000 t consumed in the United States in 1994. Uses are similar to those for polyethylene waxes, including hot-melt adhesives and additives for inks and coatings. 

Calendering operations are done routinely, and warm roUs (40—90°C) are recommended for optimum sheet smoothness. A process aid, such as low molecular weight polyethylene wax, is often used. Sheet thicknesses of 0.5—1.3 mm (20—50 mils) can normally be produced. 

In general, resins are compatible with a large number of materials (oils, plasticizers, polyethylene waxes, rubbers). Compatibility depends on resin type, molecular weight and its distribution, resin structure and configuration, and finally on application requirements. 

Functionalization, silicone network preparation via, 22 568 Functionalized initiators, 14 255 Functional methacrylates, 16 240-242 Functional monomers methacrylate, 16 241-242 polymer colloid, 20 379-380 Functional perfume products, 18 354 Functional polyethylene waxes, 26 220 Functional properties, of wax, 26 215 Functional unit, in life cycle assessment, 14 809... 

Preservative 914 Oxidized polyethylene wax Acc 26th Series Not evaluated... 

While the extracts of SPMDs are generally less difficult to purify than are extracts of tissue or sediment, certain interferences can be problematic for some types of analyses. The most important of these potential interferences are codialyzed polyethylene oligomers (i.e., the so-called polyethylene waxes), oleic acid, and methyl oleate. The latter two interferences are residual from the synthesis of the triolein. Also, oxidation products of triolein may be present in dialysates of SPMDs that have been exposed (especially in the presence of light) to air for periods exceeding 30 d. For a standard 1-mL triolein SPMD, the mass of all these interferences in dialysates is generally <30 mg or about 6 mg g of SPMD (Huckins et al., 1996). Another potential interference is elemental sulfur, which is often present in sediment pore water and is concentrated by SPMDs. However, both polyethylene waxes and elemental sulfur are readily removed using the previously described SEC procedure. 

Saturated Paraffin waxes, microcrystalline wax, earth wax, polyethylene waxes. 

Along this same line of work, W.S. Wilson studied the prepn and sensitivity of RDX/ emulsifiable polyethylene wax compns. His work is reported in Ref 109. The synthetic polyethylene wax (AC-629, Allied Chemical Ltd), already used in a compn of HMX and terylene... 

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