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Production of sulfuric acid

As many types of coal contain little sulfur, but have a considerable surplus of carbon for methanol production, the H2S content of the resulting sour gases is frequently around or even less than 5 vol. %. Although the sulfur concentration can be increased in the gas purification section, this is always a costly undertaking. Certain direct treatment processes may therefore be used for such sulfur gases although they lead to sulfuric acid rather than to the more easily manageable and normally more conveniently marketable elemental sulfur. [Pg.162]

The LURGI Concat Process offers itself to produce sulfuric acid of up to 93 % concentration from low-sulfur gases. The process tolerates both gases containing the sulfur mainly in the form of H2S and COS and others which contain almost exclusively SO2 with only little residual H2S. As the gas leaving a Concat unit does not contain more than small quantities of SO2, the process can be used also for tailgas treatment downstream of Claus units. [Pg.162]

From the Venturi washer, the gas is transferred to a condensing tower, where it is cooled by air tt ambient temperature. The cooling air absorbs water vapour and effects a certain drying of the gas. Residual sulfuric acid vapours are condensed by spraying the gas with lean acid, which is recycled to the hot condensing stage. [Pg.163]

A special filter is used to eliminate sulfuric acid mist from the gas/air mixture before the latter can be discharged to the atmosphere. As the gas mixture contains less than 200 vol. ppm of SO2, it meets even the most stringent environmental requirements. [Pg.163]

As in the Concat process, the wet catalysis principle is used also by a process developed jointly by Topsoe and Snea. This process differs from the Concat process by an additional acid concentration stage so that sulfuric acid concentrations up to 95 % can be reached. The SO2 content of the offgas from this process, too, remains below 200 vol. ppm. Like tiie Concat process, the Topsoe process can also be used for treating tailgases from Claus units. [Pg.163]


Product removal during reaction. Sometimes the equilibrium conversion can be increased by removing the product (or one of the products) continuously from the reactor as the reaction progresses, e.g., by allowing it to vaporize from a liquid-phase reactor. Another way is to carry out the reaction in stages with intermediate separation of the products. As an example of intermediate separation, consider the production of sulfuric acid as illustrated in Fig. 2.4. Sulfur dioxide is oxidized to sulfur trioxide ... [Pg.36]

Thallium occurs in crooksite, lorandite, and hutchinsonite. It is also present in pyrites and is recovered from the roasting of this ore in connection with the production of sulfuric acid. It is also obtained from the smelting of lead and zinc ores. Extraction is somewhat complex and depends on the source of the thallium. Manganese nodules, found on the ocean floor, contain thallium. [Pg.144]

Synthetic Iron Oxides. Iron oxide pigments have been prepared synthetically since the end of the seventeenth century. The first synthetic red iron oxide was obtained as a by-product of the production of sulfuric acid from iron sulfate containing slate. Later, iron oxide pigments were produced direcdy by the thermal decomposition of iron sulfates. In the 1990s, about 70% of all iron oxide pigments consumed are prepared synthetically. [Pg.11]

It is generally unacceptable to emit sulfur dioxide, thus the scmbber effluent must be treated for sulfur dioxide removal. If the plant aheady possesses faciUties for the production of sulfuric acid, this rather concentrated sulfur dioxide stream can be easily fed into the wet gas cleaning circuit and disposed of in the sulfuric acid plant. The quantity is so small that it does not put any additional burden on the sulfuric acid plant. Because no tellurium is carried over with the selenium dioxide during roasting, it is possible to produce a selenium product which can be purified to commercial grade (99.5-99.7%). [Pg.329]

Does not include elemental sulfur used for production of sulfuric acid. [Pg.122]

Uses. The dominant use of sulfur dioxide is as a captive intermediate for production of sulfuric acid. There is also substantial captive production in the pulp and paper industry for sulfite pulping, and it is used as an intermediate for on-site production of bleaches, eg, chlorine dioxide or sodium hydrosulfite (see Bleaching agents). There is a substantial merchant market for sulfur dioxide in the paper and pulp industry. Sulfur dioxide is used for the production of chlorine dioxide at the paper (qv) mill site by reduction of sodium chlorate in sulfuric acid solution and also for production of sodium dithionite by the reaction of sodium borohydride with sulfur dioxide (315). This last appHcation was growing rapidly in North America as of the late 1990s. [Pg.148]

Sulfur (qv) is among the most widely used chemicals and often considered to be one of the four basic raw materials of the chemical iadustry. In 1993, worldwide production of sulfur reached 55 million metric tons (1). Production of sulfuric acid consumes the vast majority (- 90%) of sulfur (2) (see Sulfuric acid and sulfur trioxide). This acid is a steppiag stone ia the production of other sulfur-containing compounds, most notably ammonium sulfate fertilizer which accounts for 60% of the total worldwide sulfur consumption (2) (see Ammonium compounds Fertilizers). [Pg.209]

Particulate emissions from zinc processing are collected in baghouses or ESPs. SO2 in high concentrations is passed directly to an acid plant for production of sulfuric acid by the contact process. Low-concentration SO2 streams are scrubbed with an aqueous ammonia solution. The resulting ammonium sulfate is processed to the crystalline form and marketed as fertilizer. [Pg.504]

Mix strong acidic gases with weak ones to facilitate production of sulfuric acid from sulfur oxides, thereby avoiding the release of weak acidic gases. [Pg.133]

Sulfuric acid is the most important and widely used inorganic chemical. The 1994 U.S. production of sulfuric acid was 89.2 billion pounds. [Pg.117]

The production of sulfuric acid from condensing water vapor is dependent upon the acid dew point temperature, which varies from... [Pg.676]

Sometimes a catalyst, a substance that increases the rate of a reaction but is not itself consumed in the reaction, is added. For example, vanadium pentoxide, V>05, is a catalyst in one step of the industrial process for the production of sulfuric acid. The presence of a catalyst is indicated by writing the formula of the catalyst above the reaction arrow ... [Pg.86]

Haber process for ammonia. Another is finely divided vanadium pentoxide, V205, which is used in the contact process for the production of sulfuric acid ... [Pg.687]

Sulfur dioxide is easily liquified under pressure and can therefore be used as a refrigerant. It is also a preservative for dried fruit and a bleach for textiles and flour, but its most important use is in the production of sulfuric acid. [Pg.757]

Despite more than 200 years of sulfur research the chemistry of elemental sulfur and sulfur-rich compounds is still full of white spots which have to be filled in with solid knowledge and reliable data. This situation is particularly regrettable since elemental sulfur is one of the most important raw materials of the chemical industry produced in record-breaking quantities of ca. 35 million tons annually worldwide and mainly used for the production of sulfuric acid. [Pg.266]

Ammonia synthesis is the second largest chemical process, after the production of sulfuric acid (see also Chapter 1). It accounts for about 1 % of the total human-related energy consumption. Roughly 80 % of the ammonia produced is used for fertilizers (either as liquid ammonia or as more easily handled salts such as ammonium nitrate, ammonium phosphate, etc.) and, as such, ammonia synthesis is indispensable for our society. Other applications of ammonia are nitrogen-containing... [Pg.328]

Bunimovich, G. A., Matros, Yu. Sh., and Boreskov, G. K., Unsteady state performance of sulphur dioxide oxidation in production of sulfuric acid, in Frontiers in Chemical Reaction Engineering, Vol. 2 (Doraiswarmy, L. K., and R. A. Mashelkar, Eds.). Wiley Eastern, New Delhi, 1984. [Pg.279]

Industrial scale production of sulfuric acid is dependent on the oxidation of sulfur dioxide to sulfur trioxide in fixed bed catalytic reactors. [Pg.509]

Sulfur dioxide is released during the burning of sulfur-containing coal. Much of that gas is now removed from the effluent and used in the production of sulfuric acid. The dioxides of Se and Te are recovered from the residue after the elements have reacted with concentrated HN03. [Pg.530]

Sulfuric acid is manufactured on an enormous scale with an annual output of around 90 billion pounds. During the mid-1900s (when the production of sulfuric acid was less than half what it is now), about a third of the sulfuric acid produced was used in the production of fertilizer, but that use rose to about two-thirds in the later 1900s. During that time the world population grew from perhaps 3 billion to about 6 billion. [Pg.545]

ESTEREX A process for extracting neutral and acid esters from the products of sulfuric acid-calysed alkylation processes, using sulfuric acid passed through a bundle of hollow fibers immersed in them. Developed by the Merichem Company, Houston, TX. [Pg.102]

Some industrially important catalytic reactions (with their catalysts) which are the bases for such large-scale operations as the production of sulfuric acid, agricultural fertilizers, plastics, and fuels are ... [Pg.176]

Some of its compounds, particularly the oxides, are used in chemical industries as catalysts to speed up organic chemical reactions. The yellow-brown vanadium pentoxide (V O ) is used as a catalyst to facilitate the production of sulfuric acid by the contact process. Vanadium pent-oxide is also used as a photographic developer, to dye textiles, and in the production of artificial rubber. When combined with glass, it acts as a filter against ultraviolet rays from sunlight. [Pg.94]

Another general characteristic of the chemical industry is its importance in everyday life. It is both critical and pervasive. It is critical to the economy of a developed country. In the first half of this century a nation s industrial development was gauged by its production of sulfuric acid, the chemical with the largest amount of production. It has been called the grandfather of economic indicators. Lately ethylene, the largest volume organic chemical, is used to judge this development. The chemical industry cannot be replaced by any other industry. If a country does not have one, it... [Pg.14]

The modern industrialized world would be inconceivable without catalysts. Catalysis is a multidisciplinary area of chemistry, particularly industrial chemistry where around 85% of all products pass through at least one catalytic stage. Anyone who is involved with chemical reactions will eventually have something to do with catalysts. For example, the contact process for the production of sulfuric acid was introduced as early as 1880. After World War II, some catalysts for crude oil processing appeared on the US and European markets and, from an environmental standpoint, they became crucial from 1970 onwards because of their contribution to the protection of the environment and thus to a generally higher standard of living. [Pg.429]


See other pages where Production of sulfuric acid is mentioned: [Pg.183]    [Pg.191]    [Pg.141]    [Pg.263]    [Pg.276]    [Pg.946]    [Pg.111]    [Pg.380]    [Pg.554]    [Pg.112]    [Pg.164]    [Pg.236]    [Pg.310]    [Pg.290]    [Pg.271]    [Pg.272]    [Pg.122]    [Pg.183]    [Pg.456]    [Pg.321]   
See also in sourсe #XX -- [ Pg.312 ]




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