RESIDUAL SULFUR

The deposition of molten Na2S04 ia gas turbiaes is beheved to be related to the reaction between the residual sulfur ia fuel and sodium which may be contained either ia the fuel or the intake air. The sodium ia the air is normally present as an aerosol of sea salt. Salt concentrations of over 0.01 ppm ia the intake air may be necessary to initiate hot corrosion. 

Purified CA (>99% assay) is produced by digesting the cmde product in 15—20% sulfuric acid. The digestion can be carried out at atmospheric pressure or above (103—105). The digested CA slurry is filtered and washed to remove residual sulfuric acid. A small portion of the filter cake (—10%) is dried conventionally at temperatures up to 200°C, granulated, and packaged for merchant sales. The remainder of the CA filter cake, which contains a small... 

The derivatives used in corrosion inhibitor formulations for down-hole use constitute a significant industrial appHcation for polyamines. Again, mono- and bisarnidoamines, imidazolines, and polyamides made from the higher polyamines are the popular choices. The products made from DETA and fatty acids have been widely used (308). A wide variety of other polyamine-based, corrosion inhibiting derivatives have been developed, generally incorporating some form of oil-soluble or od-dispersible residue. Sulfur and its derivatives are also used in these polyamine-based corrosion inhibitors on... 

In the copper production stage, copper sulfide is oxidized to molten copper metal, known as blister copper and so named because when liquid copper cools, the evolution of the residual sulfur and oxygen from the metal as sulfur dioxide gas causes blisters to form on the surface of the metal. The conversion reaction may be shown as ... 

From blister copper, residual sulfur and impurities such as aluminum, silicon, manganese, zinc, tin, iron, nickel, arsenic, antimony and lead are first eliminated by oxidation and slagging. At the end of this stage excess oxygen remains in the partly purified copper, and this is removed by a deoxidation process. 

Residual sulfur dioxide or hydrogen sulfide Air pollution control (APC) dust and/or waste treatment plant sludge Process wastewater Kish... 

A 200 g sample, prepared by addition of substrate to mixed acid, followed by quenching into water, filtration and washing, decomposed vigorously at a late stage of drying in a vacuum oven, which was pressurised and the seal forced open. This behaviour might have been due to inadequate washing and residual sulfuric acid. 

ASR Sulfoxide [Alberta Sulfur Research] A process for removing residual sulfur dioxide and hydrogen sulfide from the tail gases from the Claus process by wet scrubbing with a solution containing an organic sulfoxide. Elemental sulfur is produced. It had not been piloted in 1983. 

ATS [Ammonium thiosulfate] A process for removing residual sulfur dioxide from Claus tail gas by absorption in aqueous ammonia to produce ammonium sulfite and bisulfite. Addition of hydrogen sulfide from the Claus unit produces saleable ammonium thiosulfate. Developed by the Pritchard Corporation and first operated by the Colorado Interstate Gas Company at Table Rock, WY. 

Beavon [Beavon Sulfur Removal] Also called BSR. A process for removing residual sulfur compounds from the effluent gases from the Claus process. Catalytic hydrogenation over a cobalt/molybdena catalyst converts carbonyl sulfide, carbon disulfide, and other... 

Clauspol [Claus polyethylene glycol] A variation on the Claus process for removing hydrogen sulfide from gas streams, in which the tail gases are scrubbed with polyethylene glycol to remove residual sulfur dioxide. Clauspol 150 is a modification of this. Developed by the Institut Frangais du Petrole. 

Concat A process for removing residual sulfur-containing gases from the off-gases from the Claus process, by oxidation to sulfur trioxide and hot condensation to sulfuric acid. Developed by Lurgi and first operated at Port Sulfur, LA, in 1974. 

Kranz MWS A flue-gas desulfurization system based on activated carbon. One carbon bed removes most of the sulfur dioxide. Ammonia is then injected for the SCR process to occur in the second bed, which also removes the residual sulfur dioxide. The carbon is regenerated off-site. Developed by Krantz Company, Germany. In 1986, three plants were operating in Germany. 

Resulf A process for removing residual sulfur compounds from refinery tailgases. They are hydrogenated to hydrogen sulfide, which is absorbed in an aqueous solution of an amine such as methyl diethanolamine. Licensed by TPA. 

UCAP A process for selectively removing residual sulfur dioxide from the tail gas from the Claus process. It had not been commercialized by 1983. 

TATP is very sensitive to impurities. The primary destabilizing impurity present in the TATP synthesis is the residual sulfuric acid catalyst. TATP purity can be related to the extent of which the acid is removed or washed out of the final product. The TATP produced by the author is made in an exceedingly meticulous fashion and is as free of impurities as it can physically be. The common criminal or terrorist cannot be counted on to be as careful in his or her TATP preparations. 

Lead oxide, silicate, and the gangue material consisting of silica, lime, iron oxide, zinc oxide and alumina, react in a blast furnace at 1,000°C, producing lead (lead bullion) along with matte and speiss that result from reactions of residual sulfur with copper and arsenic. Slag, dust, and gases (CO and CO2) are the other products generated in the blast furnace. The principal reactions in the furnace are ... 

Sulfuric acid and hydrofluoric acid are used as catalysts in the production of gasoline alkylate. After processing, this acid must be removed from the finished alkylate. This is typically accomplished by water washing or caustic washing the alkylate. However, if residual sulfuric acid or hydrofluoric acid remains in the fuel or alkylate, the acid can initiate corrosion. The acid is very aggressive toward initiating corrosion of ferrous metal. It is difficult for filming-type corrosion inhibitors to overcome acid attack of metal. 

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