Topsoe process

Independent conversion processes may not employ the Claus reaction for sulfur production and do not recycle the captured sulfur compounds to the Claus plant. Examples are the Beavon Mark I Process (Hydrogenation + Stretford) (13), the Beavon Mark II Process (Hydrogenation + Claus) (13), and the SNPA/Haldor-Topsoe Process (Catalytic Oxidation to SOi.) (9,10). 

The SBA-HT (Societe Beige de 1 Azote-Haldor Topsoe) process is a combination of both steam reforming and partial oxidation. The process converts liquid petroleum gas (LPG) to syngas that is rich in hydrogen. This process was operated in France and Belgium in the 1960s. 

In the Haldor Topsoe process several reactors are used, arranged in series. The heat of reaction is removed by intermediate coolers. The synthesis gas flows radially through the catalyst beds. 

Commercial plants More than 60 plants use the Topsoe process concept. Since 1990, 50% of the new ammonia production capacity has been based on the Topsoe technology. Capacities of the plants con-... 

Haldor Topsoe Process. In addition to technology supply, Haldor Topsoe also produces the full catalyst range needed in ammonia plants. The energy consumption of a basically classic plant configuration has been reduced considerably by applying systematic analysis and process engineering. Descriptions and operational experience are given in [464], [623], [1028], [1071]-[1082]. 

In principle, the SBA/Topsoe process consists in mixing the burner exit gases with steam and sending the mixture to a fixed-bed reactor on a nickel base catalyst, at about 2.10s Pa absolute and about 950°C. This technique, sometimes called partial catalytic oxidation, is only applied to the conversion of natural gas, LPG and naphthas, particularly because, if heavier feeds are used, problems arise in the prior separation of sulfur derivatives that cannot be tolerated by the catalyst, as well as excessive deposits of tars and coke. Table 1.9 gives a number of typical gas compositions obtained in this type of process. 

As in the Concat process, the wet catalysis principle is used also by a process developed jointly by Topsoe and Snea. This process differs from the Concat process by an additional acid concentration stage so that sulfuric acid concentrations up to 95 % can be reached. The SO2 content of the offgas from this process, too, remains below 200 vol. ppm. Like tiie Concat process, the Topsoe process can also be used for treating tailgases from Claus units. 

The Uhde ammonia process features the same process steps and the same flexibility as described under the Topsoe process. 

Other examples of methanol production processes using adiabatic multiple-bed reactor concepts are the Haldor Topsoe process and the Kellogg process. 

Grant, M.D. Udengaard, N.R. Vannby, R. Cavote, C.P., New Advanced Hydrogen Plant in California Refinery by the Topsoe Process, AM-01-27 Presented at the NPRA 2001 Atmual Meeting-New Orleans, LA., March 18-20,2001. 

The ammonia converter in the Topsoe process features radial flow and usually contains two catalyst beds. As explained earlier, the principal advantage of radial flow is the very low pressure drop. This enables small catalyst particles to be used (typically 1.5-3 mm), and hence the diflusional limitation associated with larger... 

As with the processes already discussed, the ICI AMV process is based on steam reforming of either natural gas or naphtha. It uses the same basic process steps as the Kellogg or Topsoe processes, but the operating conditions are significantly different. 

The Haldor Topsoe process, with steam regeneration, offers the advantage over the zinc ferrite or zinc titanate processes of recovering the sulfur as an almost 100% hydrogen sulfide stream, which may be economically converted to sulfur or sulfuric acid by conventional... 

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