Production customer-based

Functional Narrow product line Small organization Mature business Diverse product/customer base Speed is important in adjusting to changing conditions... 

Specifications and Standards. Typical properties of pyromeUitic acid are given in Table 38 (154,155). In many cases, specifications are negotiated between manufacturer and customer based on the needs of the final product. 

The orders for products. Orders are normally received at the corporate level and then assigned to individual plants for produc tion and shipment. Although the scheduling of some products is based on required product inventoiy levels, scheduling based on orders and shipping direc tly to the customer (usually referred to as just-in-time) avoids the costs associated with maintaining product inventories. 

Ericsson is the world s leading supplier of telecommunications with the largest customer base, including the world s top ten operators. Four out of every ten mobile calls are handled by Ericsson equipment. The company has been in business since 1876 and now operates in more than 140 countries, employing 100,000 people. Ericsson is split into five business divisions one of these is known as the Consumer Products Division and presents the focus of this case study. 

The two processors are delivering the product via pipes into one of several tanks in a tank farm. Each tank has parameters such as capacity or cleaning time. From the tanks the product is either delivered to processes on site (captive use) or to customers based on given customer orders. Additionally, it may be stored in two external buffers. In that case there are transportation moves from the tank farm to one of the external buffers (in case of over-production) or from the external buffer to the tank farm (in case of shortages in production) induced. 

Track purchasing trend of different products for each customer based on different indicators... 

Finally, at launch and beyond, plans need to be in place for journal advertising and detailing of the product to doctors by sales representatives. As noted above, the customer base of pharmaceuticals is complex and the needs of individual customers differ. For GPs and specialists, information about the product will be via advertising, representative detailing and mailings. For NHS staff such as those working in Health Authorities or within PCOs, the information will need to be more focused on cost effectiveness and service provision. For practice nurses, the emphasis will be on educational materials and practical aspects of the product s use. Disease awareness programmes for patients will be developed where appropriate. 

Strict liability pools risks by product negligence pools risks by customers. In the case of chemicals, the inefficiencies created by product-specific rather than customer-based insurance vary from product to product. Whereas cancer risks from drinking chlorinated water probably do not vary among users even when care levels differ, cancer risks to infants whose parents spray insecticides on tomato plants probably differ greatly depending on whether the infants are upwind or downwind of the spraying. 

The goal of food emulsion manufacturers is to produce emulsions that meet or exceed the expectations of their clientele. As a first step, companies typically conduct market studies to determine what these expectations are. Sensory evaluations are then used to translate these expectations into product-specific criteria (e.g., emulsion color, texture, appearance) that serve as guidelines to design the emulsification process and verify the quality of the produced emulsion. If emulsion properties comply with the set standards (i.e., their values are within an acceptable range), manufacturers can be confident that their customer base will be satisfied with the product. 

On a global industry level, there is no reason to expect the industry s prosperity to flag. For one thing, everybody needs chemicals. From consumer products through electronics and mechanical engineering, manufacturers everywhere need chemical products, and there is no sign the situation will change. In many cases where substitution is possible, as in the search for alternative fuels, the substitute for one chemical would be another. As a result, the customer base is very solid indeed. In addition, no discontinuity is foreseeable in the development of... 

Diversity enlarges the very notion of customer. Employers cannot help seeing the increasing diversity of their customer base. Customers want products and services designed by companies that understand their needs and respect their diversity. Who can do this better than employees with links to their communities and cultures It seems inescapable that any company whose customers live in different cultures and different nations ought to have a workforce that is a microcosm of the world it seeks to serve. Companies have come to realize that you can sell only in the language of the customer. 

In the following, the term innovation is used to describe more than the generation of a new idea. Innovation describes an idea that has a product concept, a customer base, and a defined advantage. What may seem to be an exciting new concept does not qualify as innovation until it has been developed into a useful product and converted into profit for a corporation. In other words, successful innovations are not simply technical advances, but instead business opportunities. 

The market/customer base - by leveraging, for instance, unique market understanding or supply chain advantages, and offering bundled products or services. Companies that have followed this approach include GE Plastics/Dow in the automotive industry and (the former) SKW Trostberg in construction. 

The immediate-release formulation of phytosterols is made by Endurance Products Company, based outside of Portland, Oregon. Its Web site is www.endur.com. This is the same company that makes the best formulation of my favorite method of cholesterol control, niacin. Place orders outside the United States at www. endur.com click on Customer Service page. International Orders. Take two 450 mg tablets at the start of two major meals daily to block the absorption of cholesterol in the foods you eat, inhibit the recycling of bile made of cholesterol, and achieve a cholesterol reduction in your bloodstream of up to 10 percent. 

---