Polysulfides chlorine

Adhesives and Sealants. Various grades of chloriaated paraffins are used as nonvolatile iaert fire-retardant plasticizers and modifying resias ia adhesives and sealants (3). They find wide appHcation ia polysulfide, polyurethane, acryUc, and butyl sealants for use ia building and constmction. The low volatihty high chlorine types are also employed ia sealants for double- and triple-glazed wiadows. 

Batsanov et al. 23) reacted sulfur with PtCU and PtBr2 by heating mixtures of the reactants in evacuated, sealed ampoules. At 100 -200°C after 12-24 h, sulfide chlorides PtCljS (1.70 < x < 2 0.6 s y < 3.35) and sulfide bromides PtBr S (1.87 < x 2.06 0.84 y s 1.80) were formed. The compositions depended on the initial PtX2 S ratio, and the temperature. At 320-350°C, loss of chlorine led to the compounds PtClS (1.7 y 1.9). According to their X-ray powder patterns, all of these products retained the main structural features of the original platinum halides. From considerations of molar volumes, the authors deduced the presence of polysulfide anions. 

Calcium hypochlorite, 3924 Calcium polysulfide, 3942 Chlorine dioxide, 4042... 

Plastics and elastomers Degrades chlorinated polyethylene, neoprene, nitrile rubber, polysulfide, polyurethane... 

Natural mbber comes generally from southeast Asia. Synthetic mbbers are produced from monomers obtained from the cracking and refining of petroleum (qv). The most common monomers are styrene, butadiene, isobutylene, isoprene, ethylene, propylene, and acrylonitrile. There are numerous others for specialty elastomers which include acrylics, chlorosulfonated polyethylene, chlorinated polyethylene, epichlorohydrin, ethylene—acrylic, ethylene octene mbber, ethylene—propylene mbber, fluoroelastomers, polynorbomene, polysulfides, silicone, thermoplastic elastomers, urethanes, and ethylene—vinyl acetate. 

Various organic dihalides are employed in a reaction with sodium polysulfide to produce organic polysulfides (Thiokols). Ethylene dichloride, from the direct chlorination of ethylene, dichloroethyl formal, and /3,0 -dichlorodiethyl ether are the principal dihalides that have been employed in the process (44). These elastomeric polymers have been commercially available for a number of years, and many applications have been developed for them. They have excellent oil resistance and one of their principal uses has been in hose and tank linings in which that property is required. 

These polymers are typically prepared by reaction of sodium polysulfide with a formal. Bis(2-chloroelhy(formal) is commonly used, but some tn functional chlorinated hydrocarbon with its associated higher functionality is typically also added to promote branching. The sodium poly sulfide is usually made by the direct reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfur at temperatures near 120 °C, as shown in reaction (9) 62... 

Calcium hypochlorite, 3918 Calcium polysulfide, 3936 Chlorine dioxide, 4036... 

Reactions of more electrophilic SC12 with fluoroolefins under thermolytic conditions are not selective they always produce a mixture of sulfenyl and thiosulfenylchlorides, sulfides, and polysulfides, along with substantial amounts of products of alkane chlorination [135]. 

Chlorinated Polyether. This thermoplastic resists most solvents and is attacked only by nitric acid and fuming sulfuric acids. Thus, it is not capable of being solvent-cemented. Chlorinated polyether parts can be bonded with epoxy, polyurethane, and polysulfide-epoxy adhesives after treatment with a hot chromic acid solution. Tensile shear strength of 1270 psi has been achieved with an epoxy-polysulfide adhesive. 

Polysulfide Methanol Immerse overnight in strong chlorine water, wash, and dry. ... 

PB PBI PBMA PBO PBT(H) PBTP PC PCHMA PCTFE PDAP PDMS PE PEHD PELD PEMD PEC PEEK PEG PEI PEK PEN PEO PES PET PF PI PIB PMA PMMA PMI PMP POB POM PP PPE PPP PPPE PPQ PPS PPSU PS PSU PTFE PTMT PU PUR Poly(n.butylene) Poly(benzimidazole) Poly(n.butyl methacrylate) Poly(benzoxazole) Poly(benzthiazole) Poly(butylene glycol terephthalate) Polycarbonate Poly(cyclohexyl methacrylate) Poly(chloro-trifluoro ethylene) Poly(diallyl phthalate) Poly(dimethyl siloxane) Polyethylene High density polyethylene Low density polyethylene Medium density polyethylene Chlorinated polyethylene Poly-ether-ether ketone poly(ethylene glycol) Poly-ether-imide Poly-ether ketone Poly(ethylene-2,6-naphthalene dicarboxylate) Poly(ethylene oxide) Poly-ether sulfone Poly(ethylene terephthalate) Phenol formaldehyde resin Polyimide Polyisobutylene Poly(methyl acrylate) Poly(methyl methacrylate) Poly(methacryl imide) Poly(methylpentene) Poly(hydroxy-benzoate) Polyoxymethylene = polyacetal = polyformaldehyde Polypropylene Poly (2,6-dimethyl-l,4-phenylene ether) = Poly(phenylene oxide) Polyp araphenylene Poly(2,6-diphenyl-l,4-phenylene ether) Poly(phenyl quinoxaline) Polyphenylene sulfide, polysulfide Polyphenylene sulfone Polystyrene Polysulfone Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) Poly(tetramethylene terephthalate) Polyurethane Polyurethane rubber... 

Kappa number = chlorine number x 4 82 Kraft and polysulfide pulps... 

Under the proper mild conditions, chlorine can also be used, but overoxidation and sidereactions often result in some yield loss. Elemental sulfur can be employed, but it must be used in a molar deficiency to prevent the formation of tri- and higher polysulfides as by-products. Conversely, higher-rank polysulfides can be retrograded back to disulfides by reaction with mercaptans. 

Dunbrook and Zimmermann 113) report still higher yields, even with short reaction times, when sodium polysulfide and carbon disulfide are used (method C ). The essential appears to be the replacement of the chlorine atom by a mercapto group and the reduction of the nitro group to an amino group, followed by ring closure of the resulting o-aminothiophenol with carbon disulfide to the benzothiazoline-2-thione (method A). 

I. From molybdenite, the extraction may be made in several ways, (a) The mineral is roasted as long as sulfur dioxide is given off. The residue which contains MoOs is leached with dilute ammonia and the solution evaporated until the ammonium molybdate crystallizes. Japanese patent 37420 (1920) extracts the roasted ore with Na2COj solution, then precipitates calcium molybdate by adding CaCb. (6) The finely ground ore is heated with nitric acid and the MoOj dissolved in ammonia, (c) A current of chlorine is passed over the dry pulverized ore at a temperature of 208°. The molybdenum chloride distills over and may be separated from sulfur and other chlorides by fractional condensation.2 (d) A British patent describes the extraction with an alkaline sulfide or polysulfide solution which removes the molybdenum from the ore as the soluble thio-molybdates. These may be converted to the molybdates by acidification or by contact with more ore. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a solvent and extractant for resins, oils, fats, waxes, and chlorinated rubber used as a paint and varnish remover, and as a commercial solvent for degreasing metal parts useful in the synthesis of hexafluoropropylene has also been used in the synthesis of thiokol polysulfide elastomers if some branching of the polymer structure is required. 

A different approach to long chain fluorinated sulfides is through the reactions of fluorinated sulfenyl chlorides. Such sulfenyl chlorides are available from direct chlorination of the cyclic polysulfides described above (10). Photochemical chlorination of trithiepane 8 serves to produce bis(sulfenyl) chloride 23. Both 6 (n = 4) and 6 (n = 3) give bis(sul-fenyl chloride 24 with chlorine in an inert medium without need for photoactivation. Incomplete chlorination leads to disulfur chlorides as by-products in the latter cases. 

Chlorination of a cyclic polysulfide in the presence of water results in further oxidizing of the sulfenyl chloride groups to sulfonyl chlorides, for instance 26 prepared from 6 (n = 4). 

If we were to conduct an experiment in which a ferrous iron solution was dosed with increasing amounts of chlorine, we would obtain a plot of dosed chlorine versus residual chlorine like that in Fig, 7-23. No residual chlorine appears until all the Fe " has been oxidized to Fe . When this has taken place, chlorine residuals appear and the further dosing of chlorine results in the appearance of chlorine equal to the additional dose. Reactions of chlorine with S(—II), Mn II), and N02 all follow this pattern except that the reaction with Mn(Il) only occurs at pH > 8.5. When present at high pH values, chlorine oxidation of sulfide tends to form polysulfides. It is a common complaint of operators of activated sludge plants that encounter partial nitrification that "It is impossible for me to maintain a chlorine residual." Almost without fail this is because of the presence of nitrite, NOa , in the effluent that chlorine will oxidize to nitrate, NOa". 

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