Poly sodium sulfide

Nitrobenzenediazonium salts [25910-37-6] (ion) N III N+ Sodiiun disulfide, or Sodium poly sulfide See DIAZONIUM SULFIDES AND DERIVATIVES c6h4n3o2z... 

These polymers are typically prepared by reaction of sodium polysulfide with a formal. Bis(2-chloroelhy(formal) is commonly used, but some tn functional chlorinated hydrocarbon with its associated higher functionality is typically also added to promote branching. The sodium poly sulfide is usually made by the direct reaction of sodium hydroxide with sulfur at temperatures near 120 °C, as shown in reaction (9) 62... 

In the polysulfide bake process, the starting materials are first steam-treated with aqueous sodium poly sulfide solution the thickened mass is then heated to above 180 °C. In a first reaction step, the nitro groups, if present, are reduced to amino groups. 

Reaction of Bifunctional Organic Halides, Tosylates, or Esters with Sodium Poly sulfide... 

Various aliphatic and aromatic dichlorides and -bromides have been used to synthesize tri- and tetrasulfanes by reaction with aqueous or alcoholic sodium poly sulfide. For instance, the benzotrithiepin (8) was obtained from... 

The principle of a sodium-sulfur cell is shown in Fig. 12. The solid electrolyte is a Na+ ion conductor, consisting of )0-Al2O3. It is generally used as a tube closed at one end and filled with liquid sodium as the anode. An iron sponge, which absorbs the liquid sodium, serves to improve the wetting of the electrolyte and to improve safety. A metal wire leads out of the anode to carry the current. The cathode consists of liquid sodium poly sulfide and sulfur inserted in porous graphite. The working temperature of the sodium-sulfur cell is around 300°C. 

Metallic electrodes were less commonly used in RFBs because of the acidic and corrosive environment. In addition to noble metals, some metals with a high overpotential for gas evolution, such as Ni foam, have been used as substrate electrodes in several RFBs. Ni foam was first employed as a negative electrode and demonstrated 77.4% energy efficiency during 48 charge-discharge cycles in a sodium poly-sulfide/bromine RFB [16]. 

Wang MH, Newman J (1995) The electrical conductivity of sodium poly sulfide melts. J Electrochem Soc 142(3) 761-764... 

Poly sulfides from Sodium Poly sulfide and Organic Dihalides... 

There is a long history of the preparation of explosive solids or oils from interaction of diazonium salts with solutions of various sulfides and related derivatives. Such products have arisen from benzene- and toluene-diazonium salts with hydrogen, ammonium, or sodium sulfides [1,5] 2- or 3-chlorobenzene-, 4-chloro-2-methylbenzene-, 2- or 4-nitrobenzene- or 1- or 2-naphthalene-diazonium solutions with hydrogen sulfide, sodium hydrogen sulfide or sodium mono-, di- or poly-sulfides [l]-[4,7], 4-Bromobenzenediazonium solutions gave with hydrogen sulfide at -5°C a product which exploded under water at 0°C [2], and every addition of a drop of 3-chlorobenzenediazonium solution to sodium disulfide solution... 

Phenylacetamide has been obtained by a wide variety of reactions from benzyl cyanide with water at 250-260° 6 from benzyl cyanide with water and cadmium oxide at 240° 6 from benzyl cyanide with sulfuric acid 7 8 by saturation of an acetone solution of benzyl cyanide with potassium hydrosulfide 9 from benzyl cyanide with sodium peroxide 10 by electrolytic reduction of benzyl cyanide in sodium hydroxide 11 from ethyl phenyl-acetate with alcoholic 12 or aqueous 13 ammonia from phenyl-acetic acid with ammonium acetate 14 or urea 15 from diazoacetophenone with ammoniacal silver solution 16 from phenyl-acetic acid imino ether hydrochloride and water 17 from acetophenone with ammonium poly sulfide at 215° 18 from benzoic acid 19 and by heating the ammonium salt of phenyl-acetic acid.20... 

Colloidal sulfide, selenide, telluride, phosphide, and arsenide semiconductor particles are prepared by the controlled precipitation of appropriate aqueous metal ions by H2S, H2Se, H2Te, PH3, and AsH3, respectively. Colloids are stabilized, typically, by sodium poly-phosphate. A large number of experimental parameters determine the size, size distribution, morphology, and chemical composition of a semiconductor particles in a given preparation. Concentrations, rates, and the order of addition of the reagents the counterions selected ... 

These directions have been used equally successfully with twice, one-third, and one-fifth the amounts specified. The reaction of chloro- or bromoacetal with sodium disulfide results in the formation of a considerable quantity of the corresponding monosulfide which is not subsequently reduced to mercaptan. Polysulfides are, however, easily reduced to mercaptans. 1,1,11 -Tetramethoxyethyl poly sulfide has been prepared from commercially available dimethyl chloroacetal in a similar fashion. A 10-hour heating period and the addition of 5 g. of potassium iodide per 100 g. of acetal are recommended in the latter preparation. 

Poly sulfides (barium, calcium, potassium, and sodium)... 

Thiokol A, Eihanite, Perdu ren. The first commercial poly-sulfide polymer, prepd from ethylene dichloride and sodium polysulfide. Sulfur content 84% d about 1.6. Mixes with natural rubber. Cured polymer retains unpleasant odor irritating fumes evolve during manuf. Stable to the usual organic solvents and dil mineral acids. Unstable to alkalies and oxidizing substances. Of low tensile strength and abrasion resistance. Not recommended where tropic or arctic climates prevail,... 

According to Farlow, Lazier, and Signaigo195 a cobalt poly sulfide catalyst is useful for synthesis of thiols from aldehydes by means of hydrogen sulfide under hydrogenating conditions the catalyst is obtained by treating a cobalt-aluminum alloy with sodium sulfide. 

Poly sulfides were first discovered and patented in about 1927 by J.C. Patrick by accident in attempting to develop antifreeze. The polymer was called Thiokol A, a condensation reaction of ethylene dichloride and sodium tetrasulfide, for which manufacturing began in 1929 [1]. This elastomer was quite difficult to process due to its variability and thermoplastic nature, leading to the discontinuation of manufacture after improved grades were developed. 

POLYTffiRSCONTAININGSULFUR - POLY(PHENYLENE SULFIDE)] (Vol 19) use of sodium cyanide [CYANIDES] (Vol 7)... 

Poly(phenylene sulfide) Resins. Poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) resin is manufactured fromj )-dichloroben2ene and sodium sulfide in a dipolar aprotic solvent (100). 

The above mentioned new heterocyclic systems have not been used in the preparation of poly(aryl sulfides). The authors reported [57] a polyheteroarylene sulfide by the reaction between 2,6-dichloropyridine and sodium sulfide. 

Fahey, D. R. and J. F. Geibel, Poly(/>-phenylene sulfide) (Synthesis by p-Dichlorobcnzcnc and Sodium Sulfide), pp. 6506-6515 in Polymeric Materials Encyclopedia, J. C. Salamone, ed., CRC Press, Boca Raton, FL, 1996. 

The technically most important polysulfide is poly thiophenylene or poly(p-phe-nylene sulfide), PPS. It is obtained by reacting sodium sulfide and p-dichlo-robenzene in a polar solvent, for example, l-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at about 280 °C under pressure. The mechanism of the reaction is very complex and cannot be described by a simple aromatic substitution. This synthesis requires special autoclaves and is therefore not suitable for a laboratory course (for an experimental procedure see Table 2.3). 

Poly(thioformaldehyde) ran be made from materials other than formaldehyde and hydrogen sulfide. The reaction of alkaline sulfides or hydrosulfides with methylene chloride is an interesting rase. Schmidt and Blaettner (16) were the first to examine this reaction, but they did not characterize the product. Later, Russo et al. (17), found that poly(thioformaldehyde) can be made from sodium hydrosulfide and methylene chloride in yields of over 90%... 

Reaction of bis(chloromethyl)sulfide with sodium sulfide (19) gives poly(thio-formaldehyde) of melting point 220-245° C. If the reaction is carried out in water-alcohol solution, the cyclic compounds, 1,3,5,7,9-oxatetrathiacyclodecane (I) and 1,3,5,7,9,11-oxapentathiacyclododecane (II) (20), are formed. 

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