Plastics fire retardants

Of major concern are the health and environmental impacts of the abundant chlorinated and brominated hydrocarbons (ref. 2). These materials have numerous industrial applications as pesticides, solvents, propellants, refrigerants, plastics, fire retardants and extinguishers, disinfectants for drinking water, pharmaceuticals and electronic chemicals. Many chemical manufacturers utilize chlorinated and brominated organics as intermediates. It is estimated, for instance, that almost 85 % of the pharmaceuticals produced in the world require chlorine at some stage of synthesis. 

Chlorinated compounds PCP, PCBs, PCDD/Fs Manufacture of pesticide and herbicide (D) Wood preservation sites (P) Pulp and paper production (P) Municipal waste incineration (P,D) Plastics, fire-retardants manufacture (P,D) Chlorinated phenols -3.6 Chlorinated hydrocarbons - 2.4 [43, 44]... 

Used industrially as a chemical intermediate for organophosphorus insecticides, as a catalyst in the production of acetic anhydride by the ketene process and used in industry as a plasticizer, fire-retarding agent, antifoaming agent, and desensitizing agent for peroxides. 

The thermoplastic polymers we studied included the polyolefins as polyethylene and polypropylene the polyacrylates and methacrylates as poly (methyl methacrylate) styrene polymers including both clear and impact types and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) plastics. Fire retardance was evaluated by the D-635 procedure as described previously (19). 

Use Elastomers, plasticizers, fire retardant chemicals, resins, and epoxy curing systems. 

Sartomer. [Sairtomer] Intermediates for urethanes, polyesters, allyls, prepolymers plasticizer, fire retardant for films, coatings. 

At the present time there is much concern over the pollution of waters by polychlorobiphenyls (PCB) which are used as plasticizers, fire-retardants, high-temperature lubricants, and transformer oils but these were little used as pesticides. 

Resin A term which is generally used to designate a polymer, a basic material for plastic products. It is somewhat synonymously used with "plastic," but "Resin" (and polymer) most often denotes a polymeriz material, while "plasdc" refers to a resin which also includes additives such as plasticizers, fire retardants, fillets or other compounds. 

In order to enhance the property of the HMA, some proper additives are used. Grigat Ernst et al. [91] developed a kind of PEA-based biodegradable HMA. The ester segments of the PEA used consist of oligo-esters with Mn=800- 1300 and 2 COOH end-groups obtained by melt condensation of diols with adipic acid and the amide segments are preferably obtained by reaction of these COOH end-groups with hexamethylene diisocyanate. The ordinary additives such as plasticizers, fire retardants, and/or fillers were mixed into the system. 

The resistance of fluoropolymers to property changes over time is also important for aircraft wiring insulation. PVC and many other common polymers used for insulation must be compounded with plasticizers, fire retardants, and other materials to achieve required levels of performance. Some additives may migrate out of the insulation or undergo changes that will reduce performance to unacceptable levels. This deterioration can occur more rapidly at the high temperatures at which some aircraft wiring operates. 

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