Polymers ethylene ethyl acetate copolymer

This type of adhesive is generally useful in the temperature range where the material is either leathery or mbbery, ie, between the glass-transition temperature and the melt temperature. Hot-melt adhesives are based on thermoplastic polymers that may be compounded or uncompounded ethylene—vinyl acetate copolymers, paraffin waxes, polypropylene, phenoxy resins, styrene—butadiene copolymers, ethylene—ethyl acrylate copolymers, and low, and low density polypropylene are used in the compounded state polyesters, polyamides, and polyurethanes are used in the mosdy uncompounded state. 

Orientations in elongated mbbers are sometimes regular to the extent that there is local crystallization of individual chain segments (e.g., in natural rubber). X-ray diffraction patterns of such samples are very similar to those obtained from stretched fibers. The following synthetic polymers are of technical relevance as mbbers poly(acrylic ester)s, polybutadienes, polyisoprenes, polychloroprenes, butadiene/styrene copolymers, styrene/butadiene/styrene tri-block-copolymers (also hydrogenated), butadiene/acrylonitrile copolymers (also hydrogenated), ethylene/propylene co- and terpolymers (with non-conjugated dienes (e.g., ethylidene norbomene)), ethylene/vinyl acetate copolymers, ethyl-ene/methacrylic acid copolymers (ionomers), polyisobutylene (and copolymers with isoprene), chlorinated polyethylenes, chlorosulfonated polyethylenes, polyurethanes, silicones, poly(fluoro alkylene)s, poly(alkylene sulfide)s. 

Some specific recent applications of the chromatography-mass spectrometry technique to various types of polymers include the following PE [130, 131], poly(l-octene), poly(l-decene), poly(l-dodecene) and 1-octene-l-decene-l-dodecene terpolymer [132], chlorinated polyethylene [133], polyolefins [134,135], acrylic acid, methacrylic acid copolymers [136, 137], polyacrylate [138], styrene-butadiene and other rubbers [139-141], nitrile rubber [142], natural rubbers [143,144], chlorinated natural rubber [145,146], polychloroprene [147], PVC [148-150], silicones [151,152], polycarbonates (PC) [153], styrene-isoprene copolymers [154], substituted PS [155], polypropylene carbonate [156], ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer [157], Nylon 6,6 [158], polyisopropenyl cyclohexane-a-methylstyrene copolymers [195], cresol-novolac epoxy resins [160], polymeric flame retardants [161], poly(4-N-alkylstyrenes) [162], pol)winyl pyrrolidone [31,163], vinyl pyrrolidone-methacryloxysilicone copolymers [164], polybutylcyanoacrylate [165], polysulfide copolymers [1669], poly(diethyl-2-methacryloxy) ethyl phosphate [167, 168], ethane-carbon monoxide copolymers [169], polyetherimide [170], and bisphenol-A [171]. 

Fuhrer MS, Nygard J, Shih L, Forero M, Yoon Y-G, Mazzoni MSC, Choi HJ, Ihm J, Louie SG, Zettl A, McEuen PL (2000) Crossed nanotube junctions. Science 288 494 Gelves GA, Lin B, Sundararaj U, Haber JA (2006) Low electrical percolation threshold of sUvct and copper nanowires in polystyrene composites. Adv Funct Mater 16 2423 Gkourmpis T, Svanberg C, Kahappan SK, Schaffer W, Obadal M, Kandiollcu G, Tranchida D (2013) Improved electrical and flow properties of conductive polyolefin blends modificatirai of poly(ethylene vinyl acetate) copolymer/carlxHi black with ethylate—propylene copolymer. Eur Polym 149 1975... 

A second industrial field which has often used Raman spectroscopy and PLS analysis for quantitative modeling is in the production of polymers. PLS has been used on Raman spectra to predict the density of poly(ethylene terephthalate) [3] and polyethylene [73] and Chalmers and Everall mention crystallinity measurements for polyketones [74], Similarly, Sano and co-workers presented a density study of linear low-density polyethylene using PLS and Raman spectroscopy [75]. A subset of these authors have previously shown [45] the prediction of vinyl acetate content in ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. PLS was used along with PCA to study the rate constants for a synthesis and hydrolysis of ethyl acetate [29]. 

Solvent adhesives and reactive adhesives are made from homo- and copolymers of methacrylates, generally methyl and ethyl methacrylate and, occasionally, butyl methacrylate. Monomeric (meth)acrylates are also used in reactive adhesive systems (polymerization adhesives). Poly(ethyIene glycol) dimethacrylates are the basis of anaerobically curing liquid resins (reactive adhesives). They also are added as adhesion promoters to plastisol adhesives. Acrylate-ethylene copolymers, in some cases with a small content of carboxyl groups, are used instead of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers as fusible polymers for special hot-melt adhesives. Salts of polyacrylate and acrylate - acrylic acid copolymers are used as thickeners for aqueous adhesive solutions and emulsion-based adhesives. 

Early hot melt adhesives were based on ethyl cellulose and animal or hide glues. These were later replaced by synthetic resins such as polyamides and ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. More recently a new class of compounds, referred to as block copolymers because of their unique chemical structure, have emerged. These latter compounds are copolymers of styrene and butadiene, isoprene, or ethylene-butylene which tend to widen the flexibility property range of hot melt adhesives. They probably represent the fastest growing segment of the hot melt adhesives market at the present time. Their primary application is in hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives. Polymers based on other than polyolefin resins are discussed in other chapters in this handbook. 

We can incorporate short chain branches into polymers by copolymerizing two or more comonomers. When we apply this method to addition copolymers, the branch is derived from a monomer that contains a terminal vinyl group that can be incorporated into the growing chain. The most common family of this type is the linear low density polyethylenes, which incorporate 1-butene, 1-hexene, or 1-octene to yield ethyl, butyl, or hexyl branches, respectively. Other common examples include ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-acrylic acid copolymers. Figure 5.10 shows examples of these branches. 

Ethylene Copolymers. Ethylene copolymers probably are the most important materials in hot-melt formulations. Ethylene-vinyl acetate and ethylene-ethyl acrylate polymers are very versatile and available in a wide range of grades offering different co-monomer contents and viscosities. The melts are stable and compatible with various modifying resins, waxes, extenders, and fillers. Adhesion to many substrates is good—including the polyolefin plastics, which are difficult to bond with most other types of adhesive unless the surfaces are pre-treated. 

Propenoic acid, polymer with ethene and ethenyl acetate. See Ethyl-ene/actylic acidArinyl acetate copolymer 2-Propenoic acid, polymer with ethene, magnesium salt. See Ethylene/ magnesium acrylate copolymer... 

Maleic anhydride oligomer. See Maleic anhydride homopolymer Maleic anhydride/polyethylene copolymer. See Ethylene/MA copolymer Maleic anhydride polymer. See Maleic anhydride homopolymer Maleic anhydride, polymer with ethyl acrylate and vinyl acetate, hydrolyzed CAS 113221-69-5 UN 1760... 

Didecyidimonium chloride Dimethyl cyclohexyl phthalate Dioctyl adipate s-Dioctyl phthalate Disodium EDTA Distearyidimonium chloride Ditallow dimonium chloride EO/PO block polymer or copolymer Ethyl acetate Ethylene dioleamide... 

Ethylene/vinyl acetate/vinyl alcohol copolymer Ethyl methacrylate Ferric oxide Fluorinated ethylene/propylene Food starch, modified Glyceryl triacetyl hydroxystearate Hexyl alcohol Hydrogenated styrene/2-methyl-1,3-butadiene block polymer Hydrogenated tallow lonomer resin... 

Polar copolymers of ethylene, such as ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) and ethylene-ethyl acrylate (EEA), are readily crosslinked upon exposure to high energy irradiation [88]. In fact, the melt index of EVA can be controlled by the use of low doses (<50 kGy) of irradiation [89]. The presence in polar ethylene copolymers of comonomer units such as vinyl acetate or alkyl acrylates (methyl, ethyl and n-butyl) proportionately reduces the level of crystallinity, and since the majority of radiation responses of interest take place in the amorphous phase, the responses are more uniform throughout the polymer mass. When the irradiation is done at room temperature, the physical properties after irradiation follow the same trend as polyethylene [90]. 

Olefin copolymers are a group of polyolefin thermoplastics made by copolymerization of olefiiuc polymers. This family includes polyallomers, ionomers, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), ethylene ethyl acrylate (EEA), ethylene n-butyl acrylate, ethylene hexane (EH), and ethylene butene (EB). 

Water (Isopropyl alcohol can also be used) Wax, silicone and nonionic surface active agent are used as anti foaming agents. Acrylic polymer Emulsion of acrylic polymer Ethylene oxide polymer Hydroxyl ethyl Cellulose Methyl cellulose Polyvinyl alcohol Isocyanate Wax wetting agent Aqueous urethane. Salt of methacrylic acid copolymer Wax emulsion Emulsion of ethylene-vinyl acetate eopolviner ... 

The early hot melt adhesives were not strictly definable as rubber-based adhesives. Most rubber polymers such as natural rubber and random SBR are of such molecular weight and structure that they do not melt readily to a workable coating consistency at a temperature below which thermal degradation and decomposition take place. Certain synthetic polymers, however, lend themselves to the formulation of a wide range of hot melt adhesive compositions. Polyamide and polyester resins, ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, ethylene-ethyl acrylate (EEA) copolymers, low molecular weight polyethylene and amorphous polypropylene, and certain vinyl ethers have found application in hot melt adhesives. These adhesives have found wide use in packaging, industrial, and construction applications. 

Applications of the technique have been discussed in various fields. Willis and Wheeler demonstrated the determination of the vinyl acetate (VA) distribution in ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers, the analysis of branching in high-density polyethylene (PE), and the analysis of the chemical composition of a jet oil lubricant. Provder et showed that in powder coatings all additives were positively identified by SEC-FTIR through comparison of the known spectra. Even biocides could be analyzed in commercial house paints. The comparison of a PS-PMMA blend with a corresponding copolymer gave information on the chemical drift. The analysis of a competitive modified vinyl polymer sample by SEC-FTIR showed that some of the components of the binder could be identified readily as vinyl chloride, ethyl methacrylate, and acrylonitrile, and an epoxidized drying oil additive was detected. 

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