Polymeric dyes polyesters

Incorporation of an arylazo substituent at the para position of phenol gives a dye that can react with methanal into polymeric dyes. Such polymeric dyes are prepared from substituted 4-Arylazo-3-aminophenolic compounds and methanal in the presence of aqueous oxylic acid (equation 40). The polymerization of the monomeric dyes on nylon and polyester leads to brilliant shades and excellent dye fixation on both materials. Furthermore, the light and wash fastness can be increased by polymerization of the monomeric dyes on the fibers [127],... 

The polyesters or polyurethanes were dissolved in halogenated solvents like chloroform, chlorobenzene or 1,2-dichioroethane and to the solutions were added equivalent amounts of the appropriate diarylketones and phosphorous oxychloride. The mixtures were heated to reflux for several.hours and the solvents were thereafter removed under reduced pressurs. The highly colored solids were purified by precipitation from N-methyl pyrrolidone solutions into acetone. They were filtered, washed and dried under a vacuum. The visible spectra of the polymeric dyes were measured in methanol solutions. 

Table 1 Absorption characteristics of some representative polymeric dyes from 2,2 -phenyliminodiethanol terephthalate polyester...

As a new class of compounds, ester-amide based polymeric dyes do not benefit the formulator with a wealth of background information on the use of additives to enhance performance. The purpose of this paper is to explore the use of several wax additives in improving the residual haze of PP moldings colored with polyester-amide based polymeric dyes. 

Polyester-amide based polymeric dyes were obtained as GemTone Colorants from DayGlo Color Corp. These were obtained as commercially available materials in yellow, red, and blue. The wax additives types are outlined in Table 1. The polyethylene and polypropylene-graft-maleic anhydride (MA) copolymers and... 

Itaconic acid is a specialty monomer that affords performance advantages to certain polymeric coatings (qv) (see Polyesters, unsaturated). Emulsion stabihty, flow properties of the formulated coating, and adhesion to substrates are improved by the acid. Acrylonitrile fibers with low levels of the acid comonomer exhibit improved dye receptivity which allows mote efficient dyeing to deeper shades (see Acrylonitrile polymers Fibers, acrylic) (10,11). Itaconic acid has also been incorporated in PAN precursors of carbon and graphite fibers (qv) and into ethylene ionomers (qv) (12). 

It is difficult for dye solutions in water to penetrate synthetic fibers such as polyester, cellulose triacetate, polyamides, and polyacryUcs which are somewhat hydrophobic. The rate of water imbibition differs with each fiber as shown in Table 1 as compared to viscose (see Fibers, regenerated CELLULOSics), which imbibes water at the rate of 100% (1). The low imbibition rate is attributed to the high T obtained when the polymeric fibers are drawn. During this drawing operation the polymer chains become highly oriented and tightly packed, forming a stmcture practically free of voids. 

Amino-1,2,4-thiadiazoles79 and their 3-alkoxy-, 3-alkylmercapto-, and 3-dialkylamino derivatives84 have been claimed to be useful intermediates in the manufacture of dyes,84 pharmaceuticals,84 and materials valuable in pest control.79 Mono-azo dyes derived from diazotized 5-amino-l,2,4-thiadiazoles and coupling components of the benzene series are especially suitable for dyeing polymeric materials such as acetate rayon, polyamides, polyurethanes, polyesters, and... 

Pure acrylonitrile may polymerize at room temperature to polyacrylonitrile (PAN), a compound that, unlike polyamides and polyesters, does not melt at elevated temperatures but only softens and finally discolors and decomposes. Nor is it soluble in inexpensive low-boiling organic solvents. Because fibers made from it resist the dyeing operations commonly used in the textile industry, the usual practice is to modify it by copolymerization with other monomers, for example, vinyl acetate, styrene, acrylic esters, acrylamide, or vinyl pyridine in amounts up to 15 percent of the total weight (beyond which the final product may not be termed an acrylic fiber). The choice of modifier depends on the characteristics that a given manufacturer considers important in a fiber, the availability and cost of the raw materials in the manufacturer s particular area of production, and the patent situation. 

Polyester fibers can be given an additional mechanism for dyeing if an ionic comonomer is added during polymerization. A common additive is an alkali metal salt of dimethyl-5-sulfo-isophthalate, which gives sulfonic (anionic) groups as part of the polymer structure. These groups allow the fiber to absorb... 

Cotton is pure cellulose. Nylon is a polyamide and made by polymerizing adipic acid and hexamethylenediamine. The nylon polymer chain can be prepared with one acid and one amine group at the termini, or with both acids or both amines. Except for these terminal groups, there are no polar centers in nylon and consequently it is difficult to dye. Similarly Dacron, a polyester made by polymerizing ethylene glycol and terephthalic... 

Use Polymerization regulator for rubber and polyester resins, synthesis of dyes and pharmaceuticals, fungicide, algicide. 

Furthermore, cationic dyes 179 of the diazahemicyanine class are derived from indolizines. This invention related to water-soluble azo dyestuffs is useful for the colorations of synthetic polymeric materials particularly polymers and copolymers of acrylnitrile and dicyanoethylene as well as modified polyesters and polyamides (81GBP2075540, Scheme 64). 

Chemtherm AM. [Chem-Tex Labs] Polymeric andmigrato fra use in continuous dyeing of cotton and polyester with vats, sulfiir, direct and disperse dyes. 

OTHER COMMENTS used as a gasoline additive for automotive, aviation and farm equipment used in solvent extraction processes, as a general laboratory solvent, and as a medium solvent for polymerization reactions used in the synthesis of amyl chlorides for intermediates in manufacture of paint, lacquer solvents, hydraulic fluids, paint removers, and miscellaneous petrochemicals used in the synthesis of polychlorocyclopentanes as intermediates in manufacture of fire-resistant polyester resins and paints, dye intermediates, and plasticizers use as a heat-exchange medium, a component of lighter fluids and blow-torch fuel, and in the manufacture of polystyrene beads for styrofoam production. 

Uses Retarding agent in rubber compounding in alkyd resins polyester resins paints plasticizers curing agent for heat-cured epoxy resins hardener for resins insecticides mfg. of phthaleins, phthalates, benzoic acid, dyes, chlorinated prods. laboratory reagent pharmaceutical intermediate polymerization control agent for melamine-formaldehyde resins for food pkg. retarder in food-contact rubber articles for repeated use... 

Properties Nonionic Toxicology TSCA listed Uses Emulsifier, dispersant for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, textiles, leather, industrial applies. lubricant dye assistant leveling agent for polyester food-pkg. adhesives defoamer in food-contact paper/paperboard in resinous/polymeric food-contact coatings in closure-sealing gaskets for food containers in food-contact textiles... 

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