Washing fastness

War gases Washcoats Washers Washing Washing fastness... 

New water-insol. naphthalic acid imide dyestuffs - used to dye blends of polyamide or urethane- and polyester or tri acetate fibres having good light and washing fastness C91-110.342 RICH DE GB LI) ... 

Stilbene dyes ate classed as a subgroup of azo dyes having excellent colorfastness and typical direct dye wash fastness on cotton and ate arranged iato six categories by the Society of Dyers and Colourists (2), as described ia the foUowiag. 

Dyeable neutral without salt good results with some high-reactivity dyes (dichlorotriazine and difluoropyrimidine) but not with some other types (monochlorotriazine and dichloroquinoxaline). Washing fastness very good but light fastness lower... 

Polyepichlorohydrin and dimethylamine Polymerisation of epichlorohydrin in carbon tetrachloride with boron trifluoride/ether catalyst, then reaction with dimethylamine. Applied to cotton by exhaust method or pad-dry. Scheme 10.65 Good yields with direct dyes using only 2 g/l salt. Excellent build-up with most reactive dyes only 10% of normal salt usage needed for low-reactivity dyes and none for highly reactive types. Washing fastness very good but light fastness impaired. 

Stable in bleaching Good light fastness Poor performance above 50 °C Poor wash fastness... 

Wash-draw-dry-relax fiber process, 11 205 Wash effect, 10 211 Wash-fastness, of fibers, 11 169 Washing... 

Table 3.41 Structure and wash fastness of monoazo dyes on wool [182]...

This wash-fastness mechanism of acid dyes on polyamide fibres may be a model for the uptake of nutritive substances, of drugs and so on by the organism or the uptake of K+ by complexes in cells too. 

An important discovery was the realization that diaminodiphenyls substituted in the 2,2 -positions are outstandingly suitable for the manufacture of very wash-fast and millingfast wool dyes, while the substantivity toward cellulosic fibers is reduced. A number of important acid wool dyes have been developed on this basis, for example, C.I. Acid Yellow 44, 23900 [2429-76-7] (15). 

As shown in Table XII, a broad spectrum of fibers have been successfully dyed in the laboratory with a wide variety of dye classes. A significant process advantage as well as energy savings aspect is the observation that in most cases, the fabrics do not need a back-wash to remove unfixed dyestuffs. The unwashed dyed goods meet all commercial standards for crock and wash fastness. The only exceptions to the no back-wash requirement are in the cases of reactive, sulfur, azoic and pre-metalllzed dyes. 

Fastness properties (especially wash fastness and wet- and dry-crock fastness) of the dyeings by the present method are comparable to those obtained by conventional dyeing. The merits of the present catalyst system are (a) it does not require an afterwash, and (b) there is minimal danger of overcuring. 

Series I Acrylic Latex Emulsions. A series of four acrylic latex emulsions varying in glass transition temperature (Tg) (3) were applied first. Tg is the temperature at which the resin changes from a relatively flexible to a relatively stiff material. The acrylic latexes are made from water-insoluble monomers such as acrylates and alkyl acrylates polymerized in emulsion form to produce an aqueous dispersion or latex of the polymer. Upon drying, the emulsion is irreversibly broken so that the applied material becomes wash-fast. The application requires no catalyst or high temperature heating. 

Treatment of wool or hair with carbodiimides improves the wash fastness of applied dyes. The cosmetic qualities of bleached hair can be improved by treatment with N-cyclohexyl-N -(N-methylmorpholino)carbodiimide. N-ethyl-N -(3-trimethylammonio)propylcarbodiimide Axes the red dye 2-nitro-4[08-aminoethyl)amino]aniline to hair, most likely via an amide linkage. The coupling of a phosphorous dyestuff to cellulosic materials can also be accomplished using a carbodiimide. ... 

Formaldehyde condensation products from urea and/or melamine are shown in Fig. 13.2. They are comparable to the corresponding products for permanent press and easy-care finishes (Chapter 5). They have the same advantages and disadvantages and they often improve the perspiration more than the washing fastness. Therefore they are mostly used for lining fabrics, where their price advantage is especially important. 

UV absorbers have the same need for wash fastness and light fastness as dyestuffs. Laundering trials should be carried out with all new formulations to confirm that the claimed UV protection is actually active during the life of the garment. 

CASSOFIX FRN-300 Hi. Cone, is a cationic, resinous type of aftertreating agent. The product improves the wet fastness, wash fastness, and perspiration fastness of cotton, rayon, and blends with synthetic fibers dyed with Direct, Acid, and Reactive dyestuffs. 

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