Synthetic polymeric materials

Engclopedia of Poljmer Science and Engineering Online John Wiley Sons, Inc. Dialog covers natural and synthetic polymeric materials... 

ASTM G21, Recommended Practicefor Determining Resistance of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi, Vol. 14.02, ASTM, Philadelphia, Pa., 1990. 

Polyolefins represent one of the main types of synthetic polymeric materials. World production of polyolefins in 1980 amounted to 23 million tons, and since then the tendency to further growth has been prevailing [1]. The grave defect of polyolefins is low thermal and heat resistance, which is detrimental to the processing efficiency and limits their useability (Table 1). 

Prof. N. S. Enikolopyan USSR Academy of Sciences Institute of Synthetical Polymeric Materials Ul. Profsojuznaja 70 USSR-117393 Moscow... 

The most common methods for trapping pesticide vapors from air use adsorbents. Common air sampling adsorbents include charcoal (derived from petroleum or coconut) and synthetic polymeric materials, such as cross-linked polystyrene and open-cell polyurethane foam. Charcoal has been used for the cumulative sampling of volatile... 

There are now many synthetic polymeric materials available for film coating, many of which meet all the requirements of a good film former. These include lack of toxicity and a suitable solubility profile for film application and upon ingestion, together with the ability to produce a tough, yet elastic film even in the presence of powdered additives such as pigments. The film must, of course, be stable to heat, light, and moisture and be free from undesirable taste or odor. 

All of these inventions utilized natural materials at least as one ingredient. After years of work in his chemistry labs in Yonkers, New York, Leo Baekeland in 1907 announced in an American Chemical Society meeting the synthesis of the first truly synthetic polymeric material, later dubbed Bakelite. 

There are two common types of standard press loaded expl compns used in US ammo. One contains waxy binder/desensitizing materials, while the other contains synthetic polymeric materials. Description of plastic bonded expls (PBX) can be found in Vol 8, P60-P77 and are not covered here... 

Abstract Thousands of polymeric materials have been made into synthetic polymers, based on a linear structure, and used in commercial applications. The study of synthetic polymeric materials has focused on those derived from long chain linear molecules. Alternatively, cyclic polymers (also referred to as polymer rings or macrocycles) can be prepared, which not only can be branched or cross-linked, but can also form nonco-valently linked structures based on their loop topology. Through a number of different approaches and advances in cyclization techniques, a wide range of novel cyclic polymers have been synthesized in good yields. This review will focus on a variety of synthetic methods and some properties of cyclic polymers using many polymerization mechanisms in various fields of polymer synthesis. 

Since 1905 when viscose rayon was invented, major advances in synthetic polymeric materials have included phenol-formaldehyde resins (1909), poly-... 

During World War II a large amount of research was carried out in seeking fully synthetic polymeric materials which could substitute a semi-synthetic polymer such as nitrocellulose. This research was connected with the immense development of plastics chemistry, which began shortly before World War II and is still advancing at a great pace. 

Gu, J. D. (2003). Microbiological deterioration and degradation of synthetic polymeric materials recent research advances. International Biodeterioration and Biodegradation, 52, 69-91. 

Polymeric materials are today part and parcel of our everyday life. They are used in nearly every branch of industry and are responsible for rapid progress made in many of them. In view of the fact that raw materials and traditional energy resources will be soon depleted, the production of synthetic polymeric materials becomes particularly important as a way to the rational utilization of both. Today, synthetic polymeric materials are used not only as highly effective substituents for expensive and/or not readily available materials such as steel and nonferrous metals, wood and cotton, natural rubber, etc., but also as quite original materials possessing a unique set of valuable properties. 

Among the various applications of SFM in polymer science, the imaging of heterogeneous synthetic polymeric materials (blends, copolymers, hybrid materials, etc.) is probably most widespread and can be considered the easiest task, in particular when the materials are (at least partly) glassy at the imaging... 

Membrane filters are used to remove particulates from samples and solvents prior to HPLC analysis and also for the preparation of liquid samples, where no solvent is used. Typical materials of construction for membrane filters are usually synthetic polymeric materials, although natural substances, such as cellulose, and inorganic materials, such as glass fibers, are also used acryhc... 

ASTM G 21-70 (1985) Standard Practice for Determining Resistence of Synthetic Polymeric Materials to Fungi, 5 pp (DOD Adopted) (FSC 9330) (MR) (Comm G-3)... 

Natural monomers and polymers have complex structure and properties, which with proper modifications could be a substitute for today s high-performance plastic materials. Existing biodegradable polymers can be blended with different materials with the aim to reduce cost and to tailor the product for specific applications. NR and almost all other natural resources are discussed and possible modifications and the applications of these natural polymers as well as polymers from natural monomers are analyzed in this review. Further studies are required to improve the performance of these materials so that synthetic polymeric materials can be replaced by polymers derived from these renewable materials. 

Today, a variety of and large amount of synthetic polymeric materials are produced and are supporting our comfortable daily life as well as modern high technologies. The major reasons for their success are their strength, durability, resistance to chemical and biological corrosion and low production cost. On the one hand these properties have created various fields of applications, but on the other have given rise to the problem of waste polymers. 

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