Polyesters dyeing

Localised unlevelness this is primarily related to physical and/or chemical nonuniformity of the substrate typical examples are barriness in nylon or polyester dyeing and skitteriness in wool dyeing. 

Polyester dyeing method Liquor ratio bod5 (mg/l) COD (mg/l) BOD5 COD Harmful factor ... 

Alternative reducing agents are still sometimes proposed and evaluated. A detailed comparison of five reducing agents has been reported sodium dithionite, thiourea dioxide, iron(II) chloride/gluconic acid, sodium hydroxymethanesulphinate and hydroxyacetone [123]. Results of fastness tests on black polyester dyeings variously aftertreated are given in Table 12.10. 

Table 12.10 Fastness of black polyester dyeings after various reduction clearing treatments [123]...

The relative rates of diffusion of Cl Disperse Orange 3 on nylon, acetate and polyester indicated in Table 3.14 are reasonably consistent with those measured independently in the early days of polyester dyeing [113], as shown in Table 3.15. These figures, for three disperse... 

Thermosol dyeing. The characteristics of low-molecular-weight polyester dyes can be utilized in thermosol dyeing processes. In this continuous dyeing process the material is impregnated with the dispersed dye, dried, and heated to a temperature of approximately 200-210°C. The dyestuff is fixed by sublimation into the fiber. 

Heat treating polyester - [DYES, APPLICATION AND EVALUATION] (Vol 8)... 

Condensation of mandelic acids and hydroquinone, followed by oxidation, results in yellow to red polyester dyes [38], This new chromophore shows excellent thermo-migration fastness and has been frequently varied to cover all red shades (e.g., 18) and to improve build up. 

Solvent dyes [1] cannot be classified according to a specific chemical type of dyes. Solvent dyes can be found among the azo, disperse, anthraquinone, metal-complex, cationic, and phthalocyanine dyes. The only common characteristic is a chemical structure devoid of sulfonic and carboxylic groups, except for cationic dyes as salts with an organic base as anion. Solvent dyes are basically insoluble in water, but soluble in the different types of solvents. Organic dye salts represent an important type of solvent dyes. Solvent dyes also function as dyes for certain polymers, such as polyacrylonitrile, polystyrene, polymethacrylates, and polyester, in which they are soluble. Polyester dyes are principally disperse dyes (see Section 3.2). 

Intermediate in chemical synthesis coolant lubricant heat-transfer medium polyester dyeing termite-control preparations insecticides... 

Anders S and Schindler W, Comparison of reducing agents in reduction clearing of polyester dyeings and prints , Melliand Textilberichte, 1997, 78, 85-87, E21-E22. 

Excellent scouring and dispersing properties forming stable emulsions with processing aids, spinning oils, etc. and compatible with carriers therefore ideal for polyester dyeing. 

BURCOLEV HTP represents a unique polyester dyeing auxiliary from Burlington Chemical. By its specific action, BURCOLEV HTP prevents unlevel dyeings due to (a) different strike rates of dyes, (b) preferential absorption of dyes to various parts of the fiber, and (c) temperature variation in the dye machine. 

Compatible with dyestuffs and chemicals associated with polyester dyeing. 

Excellent nonsilicone defoamer for high temperature pressure dyeing processes. Effectively controls foam throughout the entire polyester dyeing cycle. 

Multi-functional, non-foaming polyester dyeing auxiliary. Recommended for leveling, trimer and crease mark control in jet and beck dyeing applications. 

Low odor, cost effective carrier for atmospheric polyester dyeing. Promotes exhaustion and leveling without affecting light fastness. Excellent emulsion stability. 

Highly effective anionic dispersing agent for polyester dyeing. Promotes dyebath stability and leveling and helps eliminate disperse dye filtration and shade differences. 

Used alone for dyeing acetate, triacetate, or nylon or in conjunction with carriers for polyester dyeing promotes extremely fine dispersions under high temperature dyeing conditions. 

INTEX CARRIER 37 is an outgrowth of numerous formulations tested to produce a suitable polyester dye carrier without biphenyl. 

INTEX CARRIER 208 is a carrier for polyester dyeing, formulated to avoid the "resist spots" often experienced in beck dyeing. 

Cyclanon R. [BASF AG] After-treatment agent for polyester dyeings and prints. 

DispatexG. [NikkoChem.Co.Ltd.] Aromatic condensate dispersant for polyester dyeing. 

Emkaclear. [Emkay] For fixing and clearing polyester dyes. 

FinapaL [Finetex] Surfactant blend wetting and leveling t ent for polyester dyeing. 

MAJOR USES Manufacture of diphthalic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, phthalonitrile, benzoic acid, ethyl benzene, high performance polymers, plasitcizers, alkyd resins, glass reinforced polyesters, dyes, insecticides and motor fuels. 

The use of thiophene or benzothiophene in polyester dyes is only one aspect of the interest in these compounds. They absorb light at a specific wavelength that causes photochemical (see Section 2.12.4.2) or photophysical changes that either alter their structure or the structure of the surrounding... 

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