Antistatic agents polymeric

There are some applications for a-sulfo fatty acid esters in the production and processing of synthetic materials or natural rubber. Emulsifiers are needed for the emulsion polymerization, antistatic agents improve the properties of polymers, and wetting agents are needed as parting components for elastomers. 

Polymeric antistatic agents have been employed in textile fibres. loni-cally conductive copolyethers such as ethylene oxide/propylene oxide copolymers and other similar polymers are examples. Polyoxyethylene derivatives with high electrical conductivities caused by proton migration are not highly dependent on relative humidity and have found some use in thermoplastics. 

Stannic chloride is also used widely as a catalyst in Eriedel-Crafts acylation, alkylation and cycHzation reactions, esterifications, halogenations, and curing and other polymerization reactions. Minor uses are as a stabilizer for colors in soap (19), as a mordant in the dyeing of silks, in the manufacture of blueprint and other sensitized paper, and as an antistatic agent for synthetic fibers (see Dyes, application and evaluation Antistatic agents). 

Imidazolinium perchlorate, 4-hydroxy-2,5,5-trimethyl-4-phenyl-synthesis, S, 487 Imidazolinium salts antistatic agents, 1, 409 Imidazolinium salts, 1-vinyl-polymerization, 1, 280 Imidazolin-2-one, 1-cyano-synthesis, S, 482 Imidazolin-2-one, 4,5-dialkyl-synthesis, S, 491 Imidazolin-2-one, 4,5-diaryl-bromination, S, 399-400 lmidazolin-2-one, 4,5-di( p-bromophenyl)-reactions... 

Especially in recent years, there has been a tendency to develop stabilisers with higher-MW (>2000 Da) to prevent loss under severe conditions of application. Polymeric additives for polymers, including impact modifiers, flexibilisers, antistatic agents, and processing aids, have been reviewed [54]. 

Application Used as a softener and antistatic agent in textile finishing. Useful in lubricants for filament yarns, synthetic fibers, and wool. May be used to emulsify cosmetic oils and creams, and for the polymerization of latices. 

Blowing agents include azodicarbonamide, azodiisobutyronitrile, etc. Antistatic agents include quaternary ammonium compounds, etc. With the added complexity due to the presence of these compounds, the analysis of polymeric blends and of practical objects made from polymers containing additives is not always simple. 

Poly(propylene oxide) is typically obtained by base catalyzed anionic polymerization of propylene oxide [12]. Both stereospecific and atactic forms are known. The polymer is used as a soft polyether unit in polyurethane elastomers and foams in polymer electrolytes as surfactants (lubricants, dispersants, antistatic agents, foam control agents) in printing inks, as solubilizers in hydraulic fluids, coolant compositions in various medical applications (protective bandages, drug delivery systems, organ preservation, dental compositions), etc. 

These compositions must provide surface resistivity 10 < R < 10 (Qcm). The early efforts, to achieve the optimum surface resistivity, such as coating the polymeric parts with electrostatic dissipative materials, addition of either graphite, metal particles or fibers, incorporation of low molecular weight antistatic agents etc., did not yield fruitful results [Kozlowski, 1995]. Antistatic properties are observed for materials having either -SH or -OH groups e.g., phenolic, alcoholic, or acidic). 

Commercial polyolefins often contain additives such as colorants, flame retardants, antioxidants, light stabilizers, nucleating agents, antistatic agents, lubricants (microcrystalline waxes, hydrocarbon waxes, stearic acid, and metal stearates), and so on. These additives aid the processing and fabrication of products from polyolefins. Detailed treatments about specific polyolefins, polymerization systems/ mechanism/processes, structures, properties, processing, and applications may be found in References 2-9. 

Reactor fouling can be reduced or eliminated by the judicious addition of antistatic agents such as poly-siloxanes, long-chain amines, or 1,2-dimethoxy-benzene. This agent can be added to the catalyst before introducing the catalyst into the reactor or injected as a solution into the polymerizing environment. The technique has also been used for unsupported catalysts in a fluidized-bed gas-phase process. ... 

Uses Detergent, oil emulsifier, thickener, wetting agent, defoamer, dispersant, solubilizer, stabilizer for cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, metal cleaning, emulsion polymerization antistat for polyethylene and resin molding powds. demulsifier in petrol, industry surfactant in latex-based paints, aq.-based syn. cutting fluids and vulcanization of rubber Features Low foaming... 

Uses Surfactant, o/w emulsifier, solubilizer, wetting agent in agric., cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, leather, metalworking, textiles, paints, emulsion polymerization antistat for rigid PVC in food-pkg. adhesives synthetic flavoring agent, emulsifier, stabilizer, dispersant in foods emulsifier in food pkg. 

Although our concern has been with polymer molecular characteristics and the influence that these have on properties, commercial polymeric materials are rarely pure polymers. Numerous compounds are added to the polymers to enhance their performance in use. Typical additives include antioxidants, light stabilizers, pigments, particular fillers, antistatic agents, processing aids, flame retardants and many others [54]. It is not uncommon for there to be a cocktail... 

---