Polymer concrete composite material

The use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in the reinforcement of concrete structures has shown important results. These interventions are based on the application of carbon fiber, glass, or aramid impregnated with thermosetting polymers. The effectiveness of these interventions is demonstrated both by extensive research in the laboratory and by applications to existing structures. 

Advanced fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite materials in bridge engineering materials, properties and applications in bridge enclosures, reinforced and prestressed concrete beams and columns... 

The objective of packaging is to facilitate handling, interim storage, transport and disposal of radioactive waste in a safe manner. The container for packaging is basically a vessel/dmm/box made of metal, concrete, polymer or composite materials in different shapes, sizes. Standardisation of packaging is necessary to ensure compatibility of equipment as well as the handling and disposal techniques. The major functions of packaging containers are... 

A significant amount of waste composites is generated each year and the need for a recycling method is becoming a necessity. Environmental Technical Services has developed, with the support of the University of Missouri-St.Louis, a method for recovering valuable constituents from composite materials. The process converts the polymer matrix to lower chain hydrocarbons and fuel gas leaving behind fibres. Mechanical tests of BMC panels, reinforced concrete and compression moulded panels made with recovered fibres were carried out. 10 refs. USA... 

University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. Materials Science and Technology. Available online. URL http //matsel.mse.uiuc.edu/ tw/. Accessed May 28, 2009. Thanks to the hard work of dozens of high school teachers, as well as a number of college professors and students, this Web site presents a highly informative set of pages on the science of materials. There are modules on ceramics, metals, polymers (plastics), composites, concrete, and more. 

IMaterials and Scaling Issues. Two aspects of the basically simple desalination process require special attention. One is the high corrosivity of seawater, especially pronounced in the higher temperature distillation processes, which requires the use of corrosion-resistant, and therefore expensive, materials. Typical materials in use are copper—nickel alloys, stainless steel, titanium, and, at lower temperatures, fiber-reinforced polymers and special concrete compositions (39). It is noteworthy that in quest of a lower initial cost, the use of inadequate materials of constmction in many locations combined with poor operation by virtually untrained hands led to rapid deterioration and failure of plants long before their estimated design life. Adequate experience suggests by now how to avoid such failures. The other aspect is scale formation (40,41), discussed in mote detail below. 

Depending on their structure, the polymers containing heterocycles have various applications. For example, poly(furfuryl alcohol) is used in composite materials with fillers such as sand and concrete, in copolymers with formaldehyde, etc. Some of the polymers from this group have special properties such as good electrical conductivity (after appropriate doping). Among these polymers are poly(thiophene-2,5-diyl) and particularly polypyrrole, CAS 109-97-7, (usually in carbon black doped with an organic acid anion). The structure of this polymer is shown below ... 

There are many situations for which polymer concrete proves to be the most appropriate material for the intended application, since conditions often dictate specific material requirements that may be met by PC when several composite properties are considered simultaneously. 

Polymer concrete (PC) is a composite material in which aggregates are bonded together with resins in a polymer matrix. Performance of PC is strongly dependent on various types and the mixed proportions of aggregates and resins [5],... 

Rubber concrete (RubCon) is a new polymer composite material created and studied by the research team of the Voronezh State University of Architecture and Construction (Russia) and the Israel company Polymate Ltd.-INRC. 

Development of a manufacturing process for diene oligomers belonging to a liquid rubber class with viscous liquids consistence allowed us to create a new class of conglomerate polymer composite materials—rubber concrete (RubCon). Rubber concrete is an advanced construction material created over the last few years. It is polymer concrete with a unique set of physical-mechanical, chemical, and technological properties that allow the creation of highly effective building structures and products. 

Man-made composites fall into three broad classes, depending on whether the main part of the composite, the matrix, is a polymer, a metal or a ceramic. Often, but not always, the composite combines materials from two classes, as in glass-fibre-reinforced plastics. However, the most widely used composite material, concrete, is a ceramic -ceramic composite. The most important classes of artificial composite are described below. The mechanical properties of composites are discussed in Section 10.4. Biological composites are very varied and will not be considered here. 

This chapter will be devoted to the consideration of nascent research undertakings, possible new materials, and as yet unanswered research questions. First, an effort will be made to codify and classify composite materials and polyblends with respect to topological considerations. We will examine what other ways may possibly exist to make new combinations of two types of polymeric molecules. How many ways exist to mix two kinds of polymer molecules What relationships can be developed among such diverse materials as particulate and fiber-reinforced plastics, polymer-impregnated concrete, and foams, paint films, etc. ... 

Steinberg, M. (1973), Concrete Polymer Composite Materials and its Potential for Construction, Urban Waste Utilization, and Nuclear Waste Storage, Informal Report, Brookhaven National Laboratory, May 1973. 

FRPs are composite materials made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibers. In comparison to concrete (that is also a composite material), the fibers may carry and transfer both compressive and tensile stresses. The polymer matrix bonds these fibers together, prevents budding of the fibers in compression, transfers stresses between discontinuous fibers, protects the fibers from environmental impact, and maintains the overall form of the resulting composite material. 

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