Composites artificial

Because of their physiological composition, artificial viral envelope-DNA complexes are essentially noncytotoxic, exhibit a quasilinear expression dose response, and deliver their payload in a serum-independent fashion to cells in culture. 

Dental appUcations (composites, artificial teeth and dentures)... 

A preliminary long-term clinical evaluation has demonstrated the safety and effectiveness of this approach [18]. The completion of this system will have to wait for the development of a urea removal system. Recently, a composite artificial kidney has been formed, combining artificial cells and dialysis or artificial cells and an ultraflltrator [19]. 

Chang, T.M.S., Barre, P., Kuruvllla, S., Messier, D., Man, M.K. and Reaurrecclon, E., Phase 1 clinical trial of a new composite artificial kidney combining hemodialysis with hemoperfuslon. Trans. Amer. Soc. Artlf. Internal Organs. 28,... 

For the study of drug membrane interactions and of the influence of drug structure and membrane composition, artificial membranes simulating especially mammalian membranes can easily be prepared because of the readiness of phospholipids to form automatically lipid bilayers, i.e. their tendency for self-association in water. The macroscopic structure of dispersions of phospholipids depends on the type of lipids and on the water content. The structure and properties of self-assembled phospholipids in excess water have been described [32], and the mechanism of liposome formation has been reviewed [33]. While the individual components, i.e. the membrane proteins and lipids, are composted of atoms and covalent bonds, their association with each other to produce membrane structures is governed largely by the hydrophobic effect This hydrophobic effect is derived from the structure of water and the interaction of other components with the water structure. Because of their enormous hydrogen-bonding capacity, water molecules adopt a structure in both the liquid and the solid state. 

Finkelmann H, Shahinpoor M (2002) Electrically controllable liquid crystal elastomer-graphite composite artificial muscles. Proc SPIE 4695 459... 

Palmre V, Pugal D, Kim KJ, Leang KK, Asaka K, Aabloo A (2014) Nanothom electrodes for ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles. Sci Rep 4 6176... 

Liu, J. and Zhu, L. (2009) Method for preparing chitin composite artificial skin that can be used as woundplast. Faming Zhuanli Shenqing, CN 101411897 A 20090422. 

We hope that this brief review has given the reader a general feeling of the development and application of CE in the separation of nucleic acids. With the advent of capillary array electrophoresis and microchip electrophoresis, as well as remarkable improvements in separation matrices, CE has become a standardized and cost-effective technique in the separation of nucleic acids. Novel thermo-responsive polymer solutions combine the merits of different monomers, and offer the possibility to fine-tune the desirable properties of polymer molecular architecture and chemical composition. Artificial entropic trapping systems obviate the use of viscous polymer solutions, and even offer fast, unattended, miniaturized, and multiplexed platforms. Optimizing the geometry of these electrophoretic systems to both increase the separation and reduce the diffusion (band broadening) is the main topic for future research. 

Salehpoor, K. Shahinpoor, M. Razani, A. Role of ion transport in dynamic sensing and actuation of ionic polymeric platinum composite artificial muscles. Proc. 1998 SPIE Smart Mater. Struct. Conf., San Diego California, SPIE 3330-09 (1998)... 

Shahinpoor, M., and M. Mojarrad " Biomimetic Robotic Propulsion Using Ion-Exchange Membrane Metal Composite Artificial Muscles, , Proceedings of 1997 IEEE Robotic and Automation Conference, Albuquerque, NM, April (1997)... 

Mojarrad, M., Shahinpoor, M., lon-exchange-Metal Composite Artificial Muscle Load Characterization And Modeling , Smart Materials Technologies, SPIE Publication No. vol. 3040, pp. 294-301, (1997)... 

Chen Z, Shatara S, Tan X (2010) Modeling of biomimetic robotic fish propelled by an ionic polymer-metal composite caudd fin. lEEE/ASME Trans Mech 15(3) 448-459 Chen Z, Uma T, Bait-Smith H (2012) Bio-inspired robotic manta ray powered by ionic polymer-metal composite artificial muscles. Int J Smart Nano Mater 3(4) 296-308 Cheng J, Pedley T, Ahringham J (1998) A continuous dynamic beam model for swimming fish. Phil Trans R Soc B 353(1371) 981-997... 

Finkelmann, H. Shahinpoor, M. In Electrically-Controllable Liquid Crystal Elastomer-Graphite Composite Artificial Muscles, BarCohen, Y., Ed. Smart... 

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