Clear bottle

Polyethylene terephthalate is the dominant material for the manufacture of carbonated beverage bottles Why are the bottles clear despite the tendency for this polymer to form crystalline domains ... 

After shaking the soil suspension in the extraction bottle, a tube of filter-paper folded about the centre to form a V with the open ends uppermost is inserted into the bottle. Clear filtrate collects inside the paper tube and aliquots are removed with a pipette. 

A principal plastic reclaiming process used was developed in the Netherlands by a resin manufacturing firm. In this process, after removal of labels and base cups by machine, the bottles (clear or green) are color sorted and granulated. The PET flake is then washed to remove glue. Closure material is separated by flotation from Hie PET. The remaining PET is dried and sifted for fines and then is ready for reuse. 

Hunt [340] has described a simple method of filtering soil extracts that eliminates the need for filter funnels and receivers. It therefore reduces the risk of contamination and speeds up the procedure. It also offers a convenient means of obtaining filtrates in the field for subsequent analysis. After shaking the soil suspension in the extraction bottle, a tube of filter paper folded about the centre to form a V with the open ends uppermost is inserted into the bottle. Clear filtrate collects inside the paper tube and aliquots are removed with a pipette. 

Embossing of a bottle, such as that employed on intravenous solution containers, can induce stretch lines, but the correct use of radii can minimise the problem (which tends to be visual rather than a point of mechanical weakness). The height of the embossing should be kept at a minimum—usually around 0.4-0.75 mm. This feature of the bottle clearing the mould can easily be overlooked and however good a design is, it fails if the bottle cannot be made Bottles may also have debossed areas, e.g. to take a hanging harness. 

Label from a wine bottle clearly showing the alcohol content. Wines generally contain between 8% and 14% ethanol. 

In adsorption chromatography (NPLC), control of the water content in solvents is important. In some cases, it is preferred to mix known amounts of dry and water saturated solvents together in order to know or control the percentage of water saturation. On the other hand, addition of activated molecular sieve beads (4 A or 5 A) to the solvent storage bottle clearly improves their purity and reduces the water content, hnpiu ities, in addition to water, can often be removed by adsorption methods, particularly frontal analysis, which is utiHzed often in LC. 

BOD bottles (clear and opaque) cleaned, etc. as described in Part V.2, Section C. 

Uses Internal lubricant for rigid PVC (bottles, clear sheet extrusion, calendered film, profile extrusion, in), molding compds. enhanced dynamic heat stability) antifog for PVC and polyolefins antistat for polyolefins flavoring agent for food direct food substance... 

The crystalline sodium sulphide (NajS,9H20) used to prepare the disulphide is very deliquescent, and only a sample which has been kept in a well-stoppered bottle and therefore reasonably dry should be used. A sample from a badly-stoppered bottle may contain, in addition to the crystals, a certain amount of aqueous solution, in which hydrolysis and partial decomposition will have occurred such a sample should therefore be rejected. Add 4 2 g. of finely powdered sulphur to a solution of 16 g. of the crystalline sodium sulphide in 60 ml. of water, and boil the mixture gently for a few minutes until a clear solution of the disulphide is obtained. 

The 0 -S.V alcoholic potassium hydroxide solution Is prepared by dissolving 16g. of potassium hydroxide pellets in 500 ml. of alcohol (or industrial spirit) contained in a bottle closed by a cork. After standing for 24 hours, the clear solution is decanted or filtered from the residue of potassium carbonate. It is said that a solution in methyl alcohol has better keeping qualities than that in ethyl alcohol. 

Prepare a solution of 41 g. of anhydrous palladium chloride (1) in 10 ml. of concentrated hydrochloric acid and 25 ml. of water (as in A). Add all at once 60 ml. of 6iV-sulphuric acid to a rapidly stirred, hot (80°) solution of 63 1 g. of A.R. crystallised barium hydroxide in 600 ml. of water contained in a 2-htre beaker. Add more 6iV-sulphuric acid to render the suspension just acid to htmus (5). Introduce the palladium chloride solution and 4 ml. of 37 per cent, formaldehyde solution into the hot mechanically stirred suspension of barium sulphate. Render the suspension slightly alkaline with 30 per cent, sodium hydroxide solution, continue the stirring for 5 minutes longer, and allow the catalyst to settle. Decant the clear supernatant hquid, replace it by water and resuspend the catalyst. Wash the catalyst by decantation 8-10 times and then collect it on a medium - porosity sintered glass funnel, wash it with five 25 ml. portions of water and suck as dry as possible. Dry the funnel and contents at 80°, powder the catalyst (48 g.), and store it in a tightly stoppered bottle. 

Xanthhydrol. Prepare an amalgam from 9 0 g. of clean sodium and 750 g. (55 ml.) of mercury (Section 11,50,7, Method 1), and warm it to 50° in a 500 ml. Pyrex bottle. Add a cold suspension of 25 g. of xanthone in 175 ml. of rectified spirit, stopper the bottle and shake vigorously raise the stopper from time to time to release the pressure. The temperature rises rapidly to 60-70°, the sohd xanthone passes into solution, and a transient blue colour is developed. After about 5 minutes the alcoholic solution is clear and almost colourless. Shake for a further 10 minutes, separate the mercury, and wash it with 15 ml. of alcohol. Filter the... 

Styrene-based plastics are used somewhat in blow mol ding but not as much as linear polyethylene and PVC. HIPS and ABS are used in specialty botdes, containers, and furniture parts. ABS is also used as one of the impact modifiers for PVC. Clear, tough bottles with good barrier properties are blow-molded from these formulations. 

Siace a large part of the beer market is take-home beer, brewers must provide retailers with packs that are easily handled and stored. Clear shrink wrappiag has become a dominant feature because it permits the content of the pack to be seen. Other packagiag methods are Shrink Wrapped 2 dozea Tray Pack, Cardboard Sleeve, Hi Coae 3 Pack, Hi Coae 6 Pack ia Tray, and Top CHp Bottle Pack (see Packaging materials). 

Fractionally distd through a 12 plate column and fraction b 77"/4mm was collected. Also wet the acetylthiophene in order to remove and free thiophene which forms an azeotrope with H2O, b 68°, Store in a brown bottle and the clear colourless liquid remains thus for extended periods. [Org Synth 28 1 1948 J Am Chem Soc 69 3093 1947.] The red 4-nitrophenylhydrazone crysts from EtOH, m 181-182°. 

PET suitable for bottle manufacture is produced by a modified process. Here the high-viscosity polymer melt is subjected to a rapid quenching in water to produce clear amoiphous pellets. These are further polymerised in the solid phase at temperatures just below the T . This is useful to reduce aldehyde content, since aldehyde-forming degradation reactions occur less in the lower temperature solid phase polymerisations. Aldehydes can impart a taste to beverages and it is important to keep the aldehyde content to below 2.5 p.p.m. 

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