Polyester acrylate finishes

Uses Surf, modifier for solv.-based coatings, offset, flexographic, and gravure inks, plastics food-contact coatings effective in alkyds, polyesters, acrylics, urethanes, epoxies, NC exc. gloss control for matte or satin gloss finishes... 

Uses Flame-retardant plasticizer for NBR elastomers, PVC (sheeting, coatings for apparel, upholstery, wall coverings, wire insulation, plastisols, adhesives), PVAc adhesives, acrylics., finished film or coated fabric applies., vinyl plastisols, ethyl cellulose, phenolics, PP, PS, NC, SBR and butyl rubbers, engineering resins, unsat. polyesters, alloys antiwear agent EP agent... 

This, in mould polyester acrylic coating technology, using a proprietary polymer giving fast spray apfdied film cures free of porosity, is designed to provide fast part production. It provides an ideal recoating surface, accepting paints, enamels, lacquers, polyester and epoxy finishes. 

These requirements are usually met with two-pack paints based on hydroxyl-rich polyester or acrylic resins in the pigmented pack and aliphatic polyisocyanates in the activator pack. Cure with this type of finish is relatively fast and complete even at low ambient temperatures. An alternative finish is an acrylic lacquer, similar to the lacquer used for refinishing motor cars. These finishes are applied to the assembled aircraft by operators protected by air-fed hoods and using airless or conventional spray guns. High durability pigments are included. 

Good quality steel is used and electrozinc is preferred for washing machines. Steel is pretreated with iron phosphate for economy electrozinc with a fine crystal zinc phosphate. No primer is normally used 25-40/im of finish is applied direct to metal. The required properties are best obtained with a thermosetting acrylic or polyester/melamine-formaldehyde finish. Self-reactive acrylics are usually preferred these resins contain about 15 Vo 7V-butoxymethyl acrylamide (CH2=CH —CO —NH —CHj—O —C4H,) monomer and cure in a manner similar to butylated melamine-formaldehyde resins. Resistance or anti-corrosive properties may be upgraded by the inclusion of small amounts of epoxy resin. Application is usually by electrostatic spray application from disc or bell. Shapes are complex enough to require convected hot-air curing. Schedules of 20 min at 150-175°C are... 

Coating materials may be based on short or medium-oil alkyds (e.g. primers for door and window frames) nitrocellulose or thermoplastic acrylics (e.g. lacquers for paper or furniture finishes) amino resin-alkyd coatings, with or without nitrocellulose inclusions, but with a strong acid catalyst to promote low temperature cure (furniture finishes) two-pack polyurethanes (furniture, flat boards) unsaturated polyester resins in styrene with free-radical cure initiated by peroxides (furniture) or unsaturated acrylic oligomers and monomers cured by u.v. radiation or electron beams (coatings for record sleeves paperback covers, knock-down furniture or flush interior doors). 

Unsaturated polyester finishes of this type do not need to be stoved to effect crosslinking, but will cure at room temperature once a suitable peroxide initiator cobalt salt activator are added. The system then has a finite pot life and needs to be applied soon after mixing. Such a system is an example of a two-pack system. That is the finish is supplied in two packages to be mixed shortly before use, with obvious limitations. However, polymerisation can also be induced by ultra violet radiation or electron beam exposure when polymerisation occurs almost instantaneously. These techniques are used widely in packaging, particularly cans, for which many other unsaturated polymers, such as unsaturated acrylic resins have been devised. 

Control of fiber friction is essential to the processing of fibers, and it is sometimes desirable to modify fiber surfaces for particular end-uses. Most fiber friction modifications are accomplished by coating the fibers with lubricants or finishes. In most cases, these are temporary treatments that are removed in final processing steps before sale of the finished good. In some cases, a more permanent treatment is desired, and chemical reactions are performed to attach different species to the fiber surface, e.g. siliconized slick finishes or rubber adhesion promoters. Polyester s lack of chemical bonding sites can be modified by surface treatments that generate free radicals, such as with corrosive chemicals (e.g. acrylic acid) or by ionic bombardment with plasma treatments. The broken molecular bonds produce more polar sites, thus providing increased surface wettability and reactivity. 

The characteristics of the three most common thermoset resin systems used in pultrusion are compiled in Table 11.2 [3]. It is noteworthy that unreinforced polyesters and vinylesters shrink 7-9% upon crosslinking, whereas epoxies shrink much less and tend to adhere to the die. These epoxy characteristics translate into processing difficulties, reduced processing speed, and inferior component surface finish. It is normal practice to use resin additives to improve processability, mechanical properties, electrical properties, shrinkage, environmental resistance, temperature tolerance, fire tolerance, color, cost, and volatile evaporation. It is normally the resin, or rather its reactivity, that determines the pulling speed. Typical pulling speeds for polyesters tend to be on the order of 10-20 mm/s, whereas speeds may exceed lOOmm/s under certain circumstances. Apart from the resins characterized in Table 11.2, several other thermosets, such as phenolics, acrylics, and polyurethanes, have been tried, as have several thermoplastics (as will be discussed in Sec. 11.2.6). 

Conventional industrial coatings materials of the thermoset type are usually acrylic, polyester, epoxy, polyurethane or silicone resins dispersed or dissolved in organic or water/ether-alcohol coupling solvents. They are cured with gas convection or electric IR ovens. The raw materials for the polymers come from petroleum feedstocks which are processed or manufactured into a finished coating system. 

Research into controlled-release antimicrobials continues with organo-silver compounds and silver zeolites, which are promising candidates for textile finishes. Silver ions, for example, incorporated in glass ceramic, have a very low toxicity profile and excellent heat stability. These principles are also used for fibre modification, an alternative to the antimicrobial finishes with high permanence. In recent years a variety of antimicrobial modified fibres have been developed, including polyester, nylon, polypropylene and acrylic types. An example of these fibre modifications is the incorporation of 0.5-2 % of organic nitro compounds... 

ARIDRY FC Extra is a new aqueous fluorochemical finish designed to impart lasting high oil and water repellence together with dry soil resistance to all fibers including cotton, rayon, wool, nylon, acrylics, polyester and is especially recommended for upholstery fabrics, drapery, slipcovers and other woven materials where dry-soil resistance is of importance. 

A finish on acrylic, foam-backed drapes A permanent finish for polyester fiberfill A non-pilling, non-fuzzing finish for textured polyester knits... 

Some commercial durable antistatic finishes have been listed in Table 3 (98). Early patents suggest that amino resins (qv) can impart both antislip and antistatic properties to nylon, acrylic, and polyester fabrics. Cyclic polyurethanes, water-soluble amine salts cross-linked with styrene, and water-soluble amine salts of sulfonated polystyrene have been claimed to confer durable antistatic protection. Later patents included dihydroxyethyl sulfone [2580-77-0]9 hydroxyalkylated cellulose or starch, poly(vinyl alcohol) [9002-86-2] cross-linked with dimethylolethylene urea, chlorotriazine derivatives, and epoxy-based products. Other patents claim the use of various acrylic polymers and copolymers. Essentially, durable antistats are polyelectrolytes, and the majority of useful products involve variations of cross-linked polyamines containing polyethoxy segments (92,99—101). 

The raethylolated acrylamide type has been widely used in appliance finishes. These are cross-linked with melamine or epoxy modifiers and form hard, chemically resistant finishes. Detailed discussion of thermosetting acrylics can be found in References 2 and 8. Recently, topcoats based upon high-solids liquid polyesters have replaced thermosetting acrylics in response to environmental... 

Acrylic, epoxy, and polyester powders are all used in appliance finishes. Properties of a typical acrylic as shown in Table VII (41. 42). For exterior exposure, the acrylic or polyester is preferred. 

Appliance finishes have been formulated and tested by using acrylic or polyester modified urethanes that can cure to a suitable hardness in 10 min at 150 °F and cure to an ultimate hardness of 2H in 168 h (43). 

---