Blue mussel

Cheng, Z. and Jensen, A. (1989). Accumulation of organic and inorganic tin in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, under natural conditions. Marine Pollution Bulletin 20, 281-286. 

Gustafsson, K., Bjork, M., and Burreau, S. et al. (1999). Bioaccumulation kinetics of bromi-nated flame retardants (polybrominated diphenyl ethers) in blue mussels (Mytilus edu-lis). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 18, 1218-1224. 

Experimentally measured bioconcentration factors (BCFs), which provide an indication of the tendency of a chemical to partition to the fatty tissue of organisms, have been found to range between 10 and 100 for trichloroethylene in fish (Kawasaki 1980 Kenaga 1980 Neely et al. 1974 Veith et al. 1980). Barrows et al. (1980) estimated a value of 17 for bluegill sunfish. Somewhat lower BCFs were determined by Saisho et al. (1994) for blue mussel (4.52) and killifish (2.71). These numbers are suggestive of a low tendency to bioaccumulate. 

Bauer 1, K Weber, W Ernst (1989) Metabolism of octachlorostyrene in the blue mussel (Mytilus edulis). Chemosphere 18 1573-1579. 

O.M. Kvalheim, K. 0ygard and O. Grahl-Nielsen, SIMCA multivariate data analysis of blue mussel components in environmental pollution studies. Anal. Chim. Acta, 150(1983) 145-152. 

Roose P, Cooreman K, Vyncke W (1998) PCBs in cod Gadus morhua), flounder (Platichthysflesus), blue mussel (Mytilus eduUs) and brown shrimp Crangon crangon) from the Belgian continental shelf relation to biological parameters and trend analysis. Chemosphere 37 2199-2210. 

Magnusson, K., Ekelund, R., Ingebrigtsen, K., Granmo, A., Brandt, I. (2000) Tissue disposition of benzol a Ipyrcnc in blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) and effect of algal concentration on metabolism and depuration. Environ, Toxicol. Chem. 19, 2683-2690. 

Calabrese, A., J.R. Maclnnes, D.A. Nelson, R. A. Greig, and P.P. Yevich. 1984. Effects of long-term exposure to silver or copper on growth, bioaccumulation and histopathology in the blue mussel Mytilus edulis. Mar. Environ. Res. 11 253-274. 

Han, B.C., W.L. Jeng, Y.N. Tsai, and M.S. Jeng. 1993. Depuration of copper and zinc by green oysters and blue mussels of Taiwan. Environ. Pollut. 82 93-97. 

Blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, soft parts ... 

Stronkhorst, J. 1992. Trends in pollutants in blue mussel Mytilus edulis and flounder Platichthys flesus from two Dutch estuaries, 1985-1990. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 24 250-258. 

Nelson, D.A., J.E. Miller, and A. Calabrese. 1988. Effect of heavy metals on bay scallops, surf clams, and blue mussels in acute and long-term exposures. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 17 595-600. 

Pentachlorophenol was found at high concentrations in all samples of sediments, waters, and biota collected near industrial facilities that used PCP as a wood preservative (Niimi and Cho 1983 Oikari and Kukkonen 1988) (Table 23.3). Fish can bioconcentrate PCP from water up to 10,000 times (Fox and Joshi 1984). However, similar concentrations were measured in blue mussel, Mytilus edulis (Folke and Birklund 1986), and softshell clam, Mya arenaria (Butte et al. 1985), from the vicinity of PCP-contaminated wastewater discharges as well as from more distant collection sites. Thus, PCP bioaccumulation in marine bivalve molluscs does not appear to be dose related. 

Marine organisms (pg/kg) Blue mussel, Mytilus edulis, Denmark, 1985, soft parts ... 

Folke, J. and J. Birklund. 1986. Danish coastal water levels of 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorophenol, pentachlorophenol, and total organohalogens in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Chemosphere 15 895-900. 

Bergen, B.J., W.G. Nelson, and R.J. Pruell. 1993. Bioaccumulation of PCB congeners by blue mussels (Mytilus edulis) deployed in New Bedford Harbor, Massachusetts. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 12 1671-1681. 

Huhnerfuss, H., B. Pfaffenberger, B. Gehrcke, L. Karbe, W.A. Konig, and O. Landgraf. 1995. Stereochemical effects of PCBs in the marine environment seasonal variation of coplanar and atropisomeric PCBs in blue mussels (Mytilus edulis L.) of the German Bight. Mar. Pollut. Bull. 30 332-340. 

Blue mussel, common and scientific names, 3 188t... 

Wahlberg et al. [20] determined NPEO in Blue mussels by GC-ECD after derivatisation of the phenols with PFBC1. To this end, samples were homogenised in acetone/hexane (5 2), followed by extraction with hexane/diethylether (9 1). Lipids were removed by L/L extraction with acetonitrile in 0.1 M NaOH followed by L/L extraction in TMP/sulphuric acid. Recoveries of 93, 34, 65 and 100% were reported for NP, NPEOi, NPEO2 and NPEO3, respectively. 

Granmo et al. [21] used the method reported above for cod [7] for the extraction of 14C-NP from Blue mussels and shrimp. 

This method has been applied successfully to zebrafish [53], trout and zebra mussels [52], and blue mussels, bream and flounder [54],... 

Dutch coastal zone Blue mussel A9PE01+2 <0.09b [14]... 

In a Dutch survey, APEO and NP were determined in samples of blue mussel and flounder from the North Sea and adjacent coastal waters [14]. Levels were generally (in 85% of the 21 composite samples taken) below the limit of detection of 0.09 xg SAPEO g-1 (fresh weight), and maximum levels of 0.5 pg IAPEO g-1 and 0.12 xg NP g-1 in flounder were observed. 

Bjork, M. and Gilek, M. 1997, Bioaccumulation kinetics of PCB 31, 49, and 153 in die blue mussel, Mytilus edulis L. as a function of algal food concentration. Aquat. Toxicol. 38 101—123. 

Gilek, M. Bjork, M. NaF, C. 1996, Influence of body size on the uptake, depuration, and bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyl congeners by Baltic Sea blue mussels, Mvtilus edulis. Mar. Biol. 125 499-510. 

Booij, K. Zegers, B.N. Boon, J.P. 2002, Levels of some polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants along the Dutch coast as derived from their accumulation in SPMDs and blue mussels (Mytilus edulis). Chemosphere 46 683-688. 

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