Sampling passive

The physical processes involved obey the laws of diffusion. Besides the concentration of the substance, the temperature, air pressure, and humidity are of importance. [Pg.283]

As physical diffusion is a rather slow process, rapid changes of concentration [Pg.283]

Whereas under laboratory conditions there is a good agreement between active and passive sampling techniques, severe differences may often arise in general work practice. Especially when major changes in concentration, temperature, or humidity occur during the measurement, diffusion samplers show their limitations. [Pg.283]

The shapes of diffusion tubes can be significantly different from the shapes of the tubes used in active sampling (see Fig. 6.68). The processing of diffusion tubes after collection is more or less the same as that of the tubes used in active sampling, i. e. in the analytical laboratory, desorption and sometimes derivatiza-tion is followed by chromatographic separation and detection. [Pg.283]

Because of the differing human health effects caused by fine and coarse dust particles, these two types of particles have to be assessed separately. In the so alled convention of Johannesburg [6-102], three different particle size fractions can be identified, which are further defined in the international standards ISO 7708 and EN 481 [6-103] [Pg.284]

Passive sampling Sampling that depends on the diffusion of the contaminant into a solid sorbent. [Pg.1465]

Yuska DE, Skelly JM, Ferdinand JA, Stevenson RE, Savage JE, Mulik JD, Etines A. 2003. Use of bioindicators and passive sampling devices to evaluate ambient ozone concentrations in north central Pennsylvania. Environ Pollut 125 71-80. [Pg.189]

Wilford BH, Hamer T, Zhu J, Shoeib M, Jones KC (2004) Passive sampling survey of polybrominated diphenyl ether flame retardants in indoor and outdoor air in Ottawa, Canada ... [Pg.311]

High surface area samples may be pyrophoric, but can be passivated by exposure to oxygen. A passivated sample (50 mg) caused a small explosion when concentrated nitric acid was added to it. [Pg.1772]

Passive Sampling Techniques in Environmental Monitoring Electrochemical (Bio) Sensor Analysis... [Pg.780]

For the monitoring of water-borne contaminants, the main advantages of passive sampling are convenience and the fact that sampling is time integrated and is... [Pg.404]

Vrana B, Mills GA, Allan IJ et al (2005) Passive sampling techniques for monitoring pollutants in water. Trends Anal Chem 24 845-868... [Pg.423]

Greenwoord R (2007). Passive sampling devices for advanced monitoring of pollutants. In Proceedings of the RISKBASE 1st Thematic Workshop, Lisbon, pp 101-103... [Pg.424]

Cao X-L, Hewitt CN. 1993. Passive sampling and gas chromatographic determination of low concentrations of reactive hydrocarbons in ambient air with reduction gas detector. J Chromatogr 648 191-197. [Pg.231]

Based on earlier work (Lieb and Stein, 1969 Chiou, 1985 Sddergren, 1987 Zabik, 1988) Huckins etal. (1989,1990a, 1993) flrstdeveloped and tested two types of lipid-containing semipermeable membrane devices (SPMDs) for in situ passive sampling of bioavailable dissolved aqueous-phase HOCs. The lipid-containing... [Pg.17]

Coutant, R.W. Lewis, R.G. MuUk, J. 1985, Passive sampling devices with reversible adsorption. Anal. Chem. 57 219-223. [Pg.25]

Johnson, K.A. Naddy, R.B. Weisskopf, C.P. 1995, Passive sampling devices for rapid determination of soil contaminant distributions. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 51 31 4. [Pg.26]

Kingston, J.K. Greenwood, R. Mills, G.A., Morrison, G.M. Bjorklund-Persson, L. 2000, Development of a novel passive sampling system for the time-averaged measurement of a range of organic pollutants in aquatic environments. J. Environ. Monit. 2 487 95. [Pg.26]

Wania, F Shen, L. Lei, Y.D. Teixeira, C. Muir, D.C.G. 2003, Development and calibration of a resin-based passive sampling system for monitoring persistent organic pollutants in the atmosphere. Environ. Sci. Technol. 37 1352-1359. [Pg.28]

Zabik, J.M. Aston, L.S. Seiber, J.N. 1992, Rapid characterization of pesticide residues in contaminated soils by passive sampling devices. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 11 765-770. [Pg.28]

If the aim of an investigator is to determine equilibrium concentrations in samplers, then the residence time (tm) is a logical parameter to compare among samplers. The tm is the mean length of time that a molecule spends in a passive sampling device, where solute exchange follows first-order kinetics. Residence time is given by... [Pg.40]

Prest, H.F. Jacobson, L.A. Huckins, J.N. 1995, Passive sampling of water and coastal air via semipermeable membrane devices. Chemosphere 30 1351-1361. [Pg.84]

Corrigan, B.P. and Jones, K.C. 2002, Passive sampling survey of PBDEs and PCBs in UK air. Organohal. Comp. 56 449-452. [Pg.204]

Johnson, B.T Petty, J.D. Huckins, J.N. Lee, K. 2004, Hazard assessment of simulated oil spill on intertidal areas of the St. Lawrence River with SPMD-TOX. Environ. Toxicol. 19 329-335. K6ci, V. Ocelka, T. Kochankova, L. 2001a, SPMD—a modem proach to passive sampling. Vodni Hospodarstvi 51 331-332. [Pg.207]

Kot, A. Zabiegata, B. Namiesnik, J. 2000, Passive sampling for long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in water. Trends Anal. Chem. 9 446-459. [Pg.207]

Rantalainen, A.-L. Hyotylainen, T. Saramo, M. Niskanen, 1. 1999, Passive sampling of PAHs in indoor air in Nepal. Toxicol. Environ. Chem. 68 335—348. [Pg.210]

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