Time trends

Fig.7 Emission activity time trend (structural steel - loading 4000 MPa)...

W. Figueroa-Raulli, Chem. Times Trends, October 1981, p. 39. 

Fig. 4. Time trend of fossil fuels unloaded in Porto Marghera.

Jorgensen LA, Pedersen B. 1994. Trace metals in fish used for time trend analysis and as environmental indicators. Marine Pollut Bull 28 235-243. 

Morrison, A. S., Geographic and time trends of coffee imports and bladder cancer, EurJ Cancer Clin Oncol, 14, 51, 1978. 

Ducoffre G, Claeys F, Bruaux P. 1990. Lowering time trend of blood lead levels in Belgium since 1978. Environ Res 51 25-34. 

Sjodin A, Jones RS, Focant JF, Lapeza C, Wang RY, McGahee EE, Zhang YL, Turner WE, Slazyk B, Needham LL, Patterson DG (2004) Retrospective time-trend study of polybrominated diphenyl ether and polybrominated and polychlorinated biphenyl levels in human serum from the United States. Environ Health Perspect 112(6) 654—658. doi 10.1289/ehp. 6826... 

Moilanen, R., H. Pyysalo, K. Wickstrom, and R. Linko. 1982. Time trends of chlordane, DDT, and PCB concentrations in pike (Esox lucius) and Baltic herring (Clupea harengus) in the Turku archipelago, northern Baltic Sea for the period 1971-1982. Bull. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 29 334-340. 

PCDD/PCDFs accumulate in human adipose tissue, and the level reflects the history of intake by the individual. Several factors have been shown to affect adipose tissue concentrations/body burdens, notably age, the number of children and period of breastfeeding, and dietary habits. Breast-milk represents the most useful matrix for evaluating time trends of dioxins and many other POPs. Several factors affect the PCDD/PCDFs content of human breast-milk, most notably the mothers age, the duration of breast-feeding and the fat content of the milk. Studies should therefore ideally... 

Ro, C-U., Sirois, A., Vet, R. J. (1997). Time trends in Canadian air and precipitation chemistry data. Paper 97-TA 28.05,90th AWMA Annual Meeting, Air Waste Management Association, Pittsburgh. 

TokunagaTK, LiptonDS, Benson SM, Yee AW, Oldfather JM, Duckar EC, Johannis PW, HalvorsenKE (1991) Soil selenium fractionation, depth profiles and time trends in a vegetated site at Kesterson Reservoir. Water Air Soil Pollut 57 31-41... 

Increases in global surface temperatures, (a) Time trends reflecting annual and 5-year means. Also shown are dates of large volcanic eruptions and (b) geographic trends based on mean values for the period 2001 to 2005 AD. Temperature anomalies are the temperature differences for a given year or location relative to a base mean value for that year or location. The base period is 1951-1980 AD. Source-. After Hansen, J., et al. (2006). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103, 14288-14293. (See companion website for color version.)... 

Dams constructed over time by region (1900-2000). Note information exciudes the time trend of dams in China. Source After internationai Commission on Large Dams (iCOLD), 1998 as pubiished on p. 9 in Worid Commission on Dams (2000). Dams and Development A New Framework for Decision Making. Earthscan Pubiications Ltd., http //www.dams.org/docs/repor1/wcdch1.pdf. 

Kakimoto K, Akutsu K, Konishi Y, Tanaka Y (2008) Time trend of hexabromocyclododecane in the breast milk of Japanese women. Chemosphere 71 1110-1114... 

BDE-209 debromination during photolysis leads to the formation of less bro-minated congeners. The appearance of these photo-induced products is faster under UV irradiation than under sunlight. Figure 16.19 shows gas chromatograms over time of BDE-209 adsorbed on montmorillonite, during 101 days of irradiation by sunlight, and compared to a control held in darkness. Over time, the areas of peaks for nona-, octa- and heptabromodiphenyl ethers increased in the irradiated samples and remained at trace values in the dark control. Ahn et al. (2006) note a comparable but slower time trend for BDE-209 adsorbed on kaolinite. 

To measure average concentrations and prevalences of toxic substances in the adipose tissue of the general U.S. population To measure time trends of these concentrations ... 

This site provides interactive maps, graphs (which are accessible to the blind and visually-impaired), text, tables, and figures showing geographic patterns and time trends of cancer death rates for the time period 1950-1994 for more than 40 cancers. 

Table 13.3. Regression results with mean household income and time trends...

Parallel to the advance of pharmaceutical innovation, other determinants of health outcome may also change over time, such as income level and personal health care expenditures on other types of care. Because of the limitation of data sources, we are unable to construct the disease-specific data for health care expenditure and income. Rather, we use the average annual household income and time trend to control the influence of social and economic factors on health outcome. For simplicity, we assume that the health effect of pharmaceutical innovation occurs without lag when we extend our regression to include other explanatory variables. 

Pleis, J., and J. Gentleman. 2002. Using the National Health Interview Survey Time Trends in Influenza Vaccinations among Targeted Adults. Effective Clinical Practices 5(3 Suppl.) E3. 

Regression Results with Mean Household Income and Time Trends... 

Sweden, Fertil. Steril. 71 (1999) 1066-69 M. Joffe, Time Trends in Biological Fertility in Britain, Lancet555 (2000) 1961-65. 

Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers. PBDEs also accumulate in adipose tissue, serum, and breast milk of the general population due to their lipophilic characteristics. Concentrations of PBDEs in breast milk are useful, non-invasive markers of maternal body burdens and of in utero and lactational exposures, but body burden assessments are limited by a lack of time-trend data for PBDEs in tlie milk of U.S. populations (Hooper and McDonald 2000). Breast milk monitoring programs are needed to provide time-trend data and to verify findings that PBDE levels have been exponentially increasing in breast milk during the past 25 years (Noren and Meironyte 1998, 2000). Studies on the predictive value of levels of PBDEs in scrum and adipose tissue could provide useful infonnation for detection and monitoring of exposure. 

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