Poly resin properties

PBO polymers, 13 377. See also Poly(p-phenylene benzobisoxazole) (PBO) applications of, 13 379 degradation of, 13 379 early syntheses of, 13 378 PB resin, properties of, 20 419t PbSe photoconductors, 19 157 PbS photoconductors, 19 157 PBT molding resins, 20 62-64. See also Poly(butyleneterephthalate) (PBT) PBT polymer... 

PCGC-2 software package, 7 448 PC resins, properties of, 10 196t PCR reaction, 12 514 PC-SAFT equation of state, 24 11 PCT Gazette, 18 236 PCT molding resins, 20 60-61. See also Poly(cyclohexanedimethylene-terephthalate) (PCT)... 

Poly(2,6-dimethyl-1,4- Solution mixing of two resins Properties dominated by PPE. Venderbosch et al., 1994... 

Chem. Desalp. Ethyl methacrylate CAS 97-63-2 EINECS/ELINCS 202-597-5 Uses Base material for paint, leather, paper, and textile industries poly-merization/copolymerization in bulk, emulsion, and sol n. dental compds. adhesives floor care prods. oil additives toner resins Properties APHA 5 max. clear liq. ester-like odor sol. 0.77% water in ester, 0.4% ester in water (20 C) m.w. 114.1 sp.gr. 0.912 vise. 0.63 mPa s (20 C) vapor pressure 21.3 mbar (20 C) b.p. 118.8 C solid, pt. < -75 C flash pt. 17.5 C ref. index 1.415 99.5% min. purity 0.04% max. acid 0.02% max. water... 

Coumarin, 3(3-(4-biphenylyl)-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-4-hydroxy-. See Difenacoum, Coumarin, 7-diethylamino-4-methyl-. See 7-Diethylamino-4-methyl coumarin Coumarin, 7-hydroxy. See 7-Hydroxycoumarin Coumarin, 4-hydroxy-3-(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-naphthyl)-. See Coumatetralyl cis-o-Coumarinic acid lactone Coumarinic anhydride. See Coumarin Coumarone. SeeCumarone Coumarone/indene copolymer. See Coumarone/indene resin Coumarone/indene resin CAS 35343-70-5 63393-89-5 Synonyms Coumarone/indene copolymer Coumarone resin Indene/coumarone resin Poly (coumarone-co-indene) Polyindene resin Classification Thermosetting resin Properties Brn. solid soft and sticky at R.T. hardens on heating to solid sol. in hydrocarbon soivs., pyridine, acetone, carbon disulfide, CCU insol. in water, alcohol dens. 1.140 soften, pt. 

Figure 2 7. An example of how alloying affects resin properties. Compounding and alloying technology makes it possible to combine two or more polymers into alloys with their own distinctive, often unique properties. The curves in this graph reflect four different poly blends.

Uses Chemical intermediate for prod, of surfactants for cleaners, textiles, paper, cosmetics carrier for pharmaceuticals also in cosmetics and personal care prods, textiles, rubber mold releases, printing inks and dyes, metalworking fluids foods, paints, paper, wood prods, adhesives, agric, ceramics, elec, equip, petrol, prods, photographic prods, resins Properties Wh, waxy solid m,w, 1500 somewhat less sol, in water than liq, glycols sp,gr, 1,104 (50/20 C) dens, 9,20 Ib/gal (50/20 C) vise, 28 cs (99 C) f.p. 43-46 C flash pt. 266 C (COC) pour pt. 45 C Poly-G 2000 [Arch Perf. Urethanes]... 

Properties ethylene-propylene resin Poly(vinylidene fluoride) Unfilled Glass-fiber- reinforced ethylene copolymer Cellulose- filled Glass-fiber- reinforced... 

The many commercially attractive properties of acetal resins are due in large part to the inherent high crystallinity of the base polymers. Values reported for percentage crystallinity (x ray, density) range from 60 to 77%. The lower values are typical of copolymer. Poly oxymethylene most commonly crystallizes in a hexagonal unit cell (9) with the polymer chains in a 9/5 helix (10,11). An orthorhombic unit cell has also been reported (9). The oxyethylene units in copolymers of trioxane and ethylene oxide can be incorporated in the crystal lattice (12). The nominal value of the melting point of homopolymer is 175°C, that of the copolymer is 165°C. Other thermal properties, which depend substantially on the crystallization or melting of the polymer, are Hsted in Table 1. See also reference 13. 

Emulsion Adhesives. The most widely used emulsion-based adhesive is that based upon poly(vinyl acetate)—poly(vinyl alcohol) copolymers formed by free-radical polymerization in an emulsion system. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is typically formed by hydrolysis of the poly(vinyl acetate). The properties of the emulsion are derived from the polymer employed in the polymerization as weU as from the system used to emulsify the polymer in water. The emulsion is stabilized by a combination of a surfactant plus a coUoid protection system. The protective coUoids are similar to those used paint (qv) to stabilize latex. For poly(vinyl acetate), the protective coUoids are isolated from natural gums and ceUulosic resins (carboxymethylceUulose or hydroxyethjdceUulose). The hydroHzed polymer may also be used. The physical properties of the poly(vinyl acetate) polymer can be modified by changing the co-monomer used in the polymerization. Any material which is free-radically active and participates in an emulsion polymerization can be employed. Plasticizers (qv), tackifiers, viscosity modifiers, solvents (added to coalesce the emulsion particles), fillers, humectants, and other materials are often added to the adhesive to meet specifications for the intended appHcation. Because the presence of foam in the bond line could decrease performance of the adhesion joint, agents that control the amount of air entrapped in an adhesive bond must be added. Biocides are also necessary many of the materials that are used to stabilize poly(vinyl acetate) emulsions are natural products. Poly(vinyl acetate) adhesives known as "white glue" or "carpenter s glue" are available under a number of different trade names. AppHcations are found mosdy in the area of adhesion to paper and wood (see Vinyl polymers). 

Poly etrafluoroethylene is manufactured and sold in three forms granular, fine powder, and aqueous dispersion each requires a different fabrication technique. Granular resins are manufactured in a wide variety of grades to obtain a different balance between powder flows and end use properties (Pig. 1). Pine powders that are made by coagulating aqueous dispersions also are available in various grades. Differences in fine powder grades correspond to their usefulness in specific appHcations and to the ease of fabrication. Aqueous dispersions are sold in latex form and are available in different grades. A variety of formulation techniques are used to tailor these dispersions for specific appHcations. 

Electrical Properties. AH polyolefins have low dielectric constants and can be used as insulators in particular, PMP has the lowest dielectric constant among all synthetic resins. As a result, PMP has excellent dielectric properties and alow dielectric loss factor, surpassing those of other polyolefin resins and polytetrafluoroethylene (Teflon). These properties remain nearly constant over a wide temperature range. The dielectric characteristics of poly(vinylcyclohexane) are especially attractive its dielectric loss remains constant between —180 and 160°C, which makes it a prospective high frequency dielectric material of high thermal stabiUty. 

Uses. Phthabc anhydride is used mainly in plasticizers, unsaturated polyesters, and alkyd resins (qv). PhthaUc plasticizers consume 54% of the phthahc anhydride in the United States (33). The plasticizers (qv) are used mainly with poly(vinyl chloride) to produce flexible sheet such as wallpaper and upholstery fabric from normally rigid polymers. The plasticizers are of two types diesters of the same monohydric alcohol such as dibutyl phthalate, or mixed esters of two monohydric alcohols. The largest-volume plasticizer is di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate [117-81-7] which is known commercially as dioctyl phthalate (DOP) and is the base to which other plasticizers are compared. The important phthahc acid esters and thek physical properties are Hsted in Table 12. The demand for phthahc acid in plasticizers is naturally tied to the growth of the flexible poly(vinyl chloride) market which is large and has been growing steadily. 

The packaging (qv) requirements for shipping and storage of thermoplastic resins depend on the moisture that can be absorbed by the resin and its effect when the material is heated to processing temperatures. Excess moisture may result in undesirable degradation during melt processing and inferior properties. Condensation polymers such as nylons and polyesters need to be specially predried to very low moisture levels (3,4), ie, less than 0.2% for nylon-6,6 and as low as 0.005% for poly(ethylene terephthalate) which hydrolyzes faster. 

Properties of PET Molding Resins. The fliU crystal stmcture of poly(ethylene terephthalate) has been estabhshed by x-ray diffraction (134—137). It forms triclinic crystals with one polymer chain per unit cell. The original cell parameters were estabhshed in 1954 (134) and numerous groups have re-examined it over the years. Cell parameters are a = 0.444 nm, b = 0.591 nm, and c = 1.067 nm a = 100°, (3 = 117°, and 7 = 112° and density = 1.52 g/cm. One difficulty is determining when crystallinity is fliUy developed. PET has been aimealed at up to 290°C for 2 years (137). 

Recycled poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), which offers excellent properties at potentially lower cost, is finding wider use as a raw material component and meeting increasing demands for environmentally compatible resins (see POLYESTERS,THERMOPLASTIC Recycling, PLASTICS). 

Adhesives. High concentration (>10%) solutions of poly(ethylene oxide) exhibit wet tack properties that are used in several adhesive appHcations. The tackiness disappears when the polymer dries and this property can be successfully utilized in appHcations that require adhesion only in moist conditions. PEO is also known to form solution complexes with several phenoHc and phenoxy resins. Solution blends of PEO and phenoxy resins are known to exhibit synergistic effects, leading to high adhesion strength on aluminum surfaces. Adhesive formulations are available from the manufacturers. 

PVC. Poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC), a very versatile polymer, is manufactured by the polymerisation of vinyl chloride monomer, a gaseous substance obtained from the reaction of ethylene with oxygen and hydrochloric acid. In its most basic form, the resin is a relatively hard material that requites the addition of other compounds, commonly plasticisers and stabilisers as well as certain other ingredients, to produce the desired physical properties for roofing use. The membranes come in both reinforced and nonreinforced constmctions, but since the 1980s the direction has been toward offering only reinforced membranes. The membrane thickness typically mns from 0.8—1.5 mm and widths typically in the range of 1.5—4.6 m. 

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